ATP-Induced Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis Is Regulated by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Macrophages
Open accessAbstract
ATP is released by bacteria and host cells during bacterial infection as well as sterile tissue injury, acting as an inducer of inflammasome activation. Previous studies have shown that ATP treatment leads to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. However, it is unclear whether AMPK signaling has been involved in the regulation of ATP-induced inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate this issue in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages. Our results showed that AMPK signaling was activated in murine macrophages upon ATP treatment, which was accompanied by inflammasome activation and pyroptosis as evidenced by rapid cell membrane rupture as well as mature interleukin (IL)-1β and active caspase-1p10 release. The ATP-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis were markedly suppressed by an AMPK inhibitor compound C or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of AMPKα, but could be greatly enhanced by metformin (a well-known AMPK agonist). Importantly, metformin administration increased the mortality of mice with bacterial sepsis, which was likely because metformin treatment enhanced the systemic inflammasome activation as indicated by elevated serum and hepatic IL-1β levels. Collectively, these data indicated that the AMPK signaling positively regulated ATP-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in macrophages, highlighting the possibility of AMPK-targeting therapies for inflammatory diseases involving inflammasome activation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
iMG have lower baseline activation compared with immortalized microglia like HMC3 and were significantly more activated upon LPS treatment followed by ATP.
“We discovered that iMG have lower baseline activation as compared with immortalized microglia like HMC3 and were significantly more activated upon LPS treatment followed by ATP, which facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assembly (Supplementary Figure S2).55”
From Tubular human brain organoids to model microglia-mediated neuroinflammation (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Inflammasome-activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores
Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Ruan, J., Pan, Y., Magupalli, V. G., Wu, H., & Lieberman, J. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18629 · Cited by 3,202 · see citing works
Non-canonical inflammasome activation targets caspase-11
Kayagaki, N., Warming, S., Lamkanfi, M., Walle, L. V., Louie, S., Dong, J., Newton, K., Qu, Y., Liu, J., Heldens, S., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10558 · Cited by 2,530 · see citing works
AMPK inhibition in health and disease
Viollet, B., Horman, S., Leclerc, J., Lantier, L., Foretz, M., Billaud, M., Giri, S., & Andreelli, F. (2010) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238.2010.488215 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Kelly, B., Tannahill, G. M., Murphy, M. P., & O'Neill, L. A. J. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.662114 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 57
- [1]Latz E Xiao TS Stutz A. Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes. Nat Rev Immunol (2013) 13: 397– 411. 10.1038/nri3452 23702978 PMC3807999 · DOI · Paper page
- [2]Takeuchi O Akira S Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell (2010) 140: 805– 20. 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022 20303872 · DOI · Paper page
- [3]Kayagaki N Wong MT Stowe IB Ramani SR Gonzalez LC Akashi-Takamura S Noncanonical inflammasome activation by intracellular LPS independent of TLR4. Science (2013) 341: 1246– 9. 10.1126/science.1240248 23887873 · DOI
- [4]Shi J Zhao Y Wang K Shi X Wang Y Huang H Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature (2015) 526: 660– 5. 10.1038/nature15514 26375003 · DOI · Paper page
- [5]Hagar JA Powell DA Aachoui Y Ernst RK Miao EA. Cytoplasmic LPS activates caspase-11: implications in TLR4-independent endotoxic shock. Science (2013) 341: 1250– 3. 10.1126/science.1240988 24031018 PMC3931427 · DOI
- [6]Csóka B Németh ZH Törő G Idzko M Zech A Koscsó B Extracellular ATP protects against sepsis through macrophage P2X7 purinergic receptors by enhancing intracellular bacterial killing. FASEB J (2015) 29: 3626– 37. 10.1096/fj.15-272450 26060214 PMC4550379 · DOI
- [7]Pugin J. How tissue injury alarms the immune system and causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Ann Intensive Care (2012) 2: 27. 10.1186/2110-5820-2-27 22788849 PMC3488542 · DOI
- [8]Piccini A Carta S Tassi S Lasiglié D Fossati G Rubartelli A. ATP is released by monocytes stimulated with pathogen-sensing receptor ligands and induces IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in an autocrine way. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2008) 105: 8067– 72. 10.1073/pnas.0709684105 18523012 PMC2430360 · DOI
- [9]Wegiel B Larsen R Gallo D Chin BY Harris C Mannam P Macrophages sense and kill bacteria through carbon monoxide-dependent inflammasome activation. J Clin Invest (2014) 124: 4926– 40. 10.1172/JCI72853 25295542 PMC4347244 · DOI
- [10]Cullen SP Kearney CJ Clancy DM Martin SJ Diverse activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome promote IL-1beta secretion by triggering necrosis. Cell Rep (2015) 11: 1535– 48. 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.003 26027935 · DOI
- [11]Fink SL Cookson BT. Caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages. Cell Microbiol (2006) 8: 1812– 25. 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00751.x 16824040 · DOI
- [12]Grant RW Dixit VD. Mechanisms of disease: inflammasome activation and the development of type 2 diabetes. Front Immunol (2013) 4: 50. 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00050 23483669 PMC3592198 · DOI
- [13]Vandanmagsar B Youm YH Ravussin A Galgani JE Stadler K Mynatt RL The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Med (2011) 17: 179– 88. 10.1038/nm.2279 21217695 PMC3076025 · DOI · Paper page
- [14]Cauwels A Rogge E Vandendriessche B Shiva S Brouckaert P. Extracellular ATP drives systemic inflammation, tissue damage and mortality. Cell Death Dis (2014) 5: e1102. 10.1038/cddis.2014.70 24603330 PMC3973196 · DOI
- [15]Bauer C Duewell P Mayer C Lehr HA Fitzgerald KA Dauer M Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut (2010) 59: 1192– 9. 10.1136/gut.2009.197822 20442201 · DOI
- [16]Wree A Eguchi A McGeough MD Pena CA Johnson CD Canbay A NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in hepatocyte pyroptosis, liver inflammation, and fibrosis in mice. Hepatology (2014) 59: 898– 910. 10.1002/hep.26592 23813842 PMC4008151 · DOI · Paper page
- [17]Dellinger RP Levy MM Rhodes A Annane D Gerlach H Opal SM Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive Care Med (2013) 39: 165– 228. 10.1007/s00134-012-2769-8 23361625 PMC7095153 · DOI
- [18]Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase: an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function. Genes Dev (2011) 25: 1895– 908. 10.1101/gad.17420111 21937710 PMC3185962 · DOI · Paper page
- [19]Hawley SA Davison M Woods A Davies SP Beri RK Carling D Characterization of the AMP-activated protein kinase kinase from rat liver and identification of threonine 172 as the major site at which it phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem (1996) 271: 27879– 87. 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27879 8910387 · DOI · Paper page
- [20]Inoki K Kim J Guan KL. AMPK and mTOR in cellular energy homeostasis and drug targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol (2012) 52: 381– 400. 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134537 22017684 · DOI
- [21]Bae HB Zmijewski JW Deshane JS Tadie JM Chaplin DD Takashima S AMP-activated protein kinase enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages and neutrophils. FASEB J (2011) 25: 4358– 68. 10.1096/fj.11-190587 21885655 PMC3236633 · DOI
- [22]Moon JS Hisata S Park MA DeNicola GM Ryter SW Nakahira K mTORC1-induced HK1-dependent glycolysis regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Rep (2015) 12: 102– 15. 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.046 26119735 PMC4858438 · DOI
- [23]Park DW Jiang S Tadie JM Stigler WS Gao Y Deshane J Activation of AMPK enhances neutrophil chemotaxis and bacterial killing. Mol Med (2013) 19: 387– 98. 10.2119/molmed.2013.00065 24091934 PMC3883969 · DOI
- [24]Lin QR Li CG Zha QB Xu LH Pan H Zhao GX Gossypol induces pyroptosis in mouse macrophages via a non-canonical inflammasome pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol (2016) 292: 56– 64. 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.027 26765310 · DOI
- [25]Py BF Jin M Desai BN Penumaka A Zhu H Kober M Caspase-11 controls interleukin-1beta release through degradation of TRPC1. Cell Rep (2014) 6: 1122– 8. 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.015 24630989 PMC4239700 · DOI
- [27]Pan H Xu LH Huang MY Zha QB Zhao GX Hou XF Piperine metabolically regulates peritoneal resident macrophages to potentiate their functions against bacterial infection. Oncotarget (2015) 6: 32468– 83. 10.18632/oncotarget.5957 26439699 PMC4741706 · DOI
- [28]Yang Z Kahn BB Shi H Xue BZ. Macrophage alpha1 AMP-activated protein kinase (alpha1AMPK) antagonizes fatty acid-induced inflammation through SIRT1. J Biol Chem (2010) 285: 19051– 9. 10.1074/jbc.M110.123620 20421294 PMC2885183 · DOI
- [29]Srinivasula SM Poyet JL Razmara M Datta P Zhang Z Alnemri ES. The PYRIN-CARD protein ASC is an activating adaptor for caspase-1. J Biol Chem (2002) 277: 21119– 22. 10.1074/jbc.C200179200 11967258 · DOI · Paper page
- [30]Bryan NB Dorfleutner A Rojanasakul Y Stehlik C. Activation of inflammasomes requires intracellular redistribution of the apoptotic speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain. J Immunol (2009) 182: 3173– 82. 10.4049/jimmunol.0802367 19234215 PMC2652671 · DOI
- [32]Zhou G Myers R Li Y Chen Y Shen X Fenyk-Melody J Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest (2001) 108: 1167– 74. 10.1172/JCI13505 11602624 PMC209533 · DOI · Paper page
- [33]Ren H Teng Y Tan B Zhang X Jiang W Liu M Toll-like receptor-triggered calcium mobilization protects mice against bacterial infection through extracellular ATP release. Infect Immun (2014) 82: 5076– 85. 10.1128/IAI.02546-14 25245808 PMC4249268 · DOI
- [34]Mempin R Tran H Chen C Gong H Kim Ho K Lu S. Release of extracellular ATP by bacteria during growth. BMC Microbiol (2013) 13: 301. 10.1186/1471-2180-13-301 24364860 PMC3882102 · DOI
- [35]Spalinger MR Kasper S Gottier C Lang S Atrott K Vavricka SR NLRP3 tyrosine phosphorylation is controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22. J Clin Invest (2016) 126: 1783– 800. 10.1172/JCI83669 27043286 PMC4855944 · DOI
- [36]O’Neill LA Hardie DG. Metabolism of inflammation limited by AMPK and pseudo-starvation. Nature (2013) 493: 346– 55. 10.1038/nature11862 23325217 · DOI · Paper page
- [37]Gwinn DM Shackelford DB Egan DF Mihaylova MM Mery A Vasquez DS AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell (2008) 30: 214– 26. 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.003 18439900 PMC2674027 · DOI · Paper page
- [38]Inoki K Zhu T Guan KL. TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival. Cell (2003) 115: 577– 90. 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00929-2 14651849 · DOI · Paper page
- [39]Ha J Daniel S Broyles SS Kim KH. Critical phosphorylation sites for acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. J Biol Chem (1994) 269: 22162– 8. 7915280
- [40]Hardie DG Pan DA. Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation by the AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Soc Trans (2002) 30: 1064– 70. 10.1042/bst0301064 12440973 · DOI
- [41]Hardie DG The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway – new players upstream and downstream. J Cell Sci (2004) 117: 5479– 87. 10.1242/jcs.01540 15509864 · DOI
- [42]Franceschini A Capece M Chiozzi P Falzoni S Sanz JM Sarti AC The P2X7 receptor directly interacts with the NLRP3 inflammasome scaffold protein. FASEB J (2015) 29: 2450– 61. 10.1096/fj.14-268714 25690658 · DOI · Paper page
- [43]Idzko M Ferrari D Eltzschig HK. Nucleotide signalling during inflammation. Nature (2014) 509: 310– 7. 10.1038/nature13085 24828189 PMC4222675 · DOI
- [44]Pelegrin P Surprenant A. Pannexin-1 mediates large pore formation and interleukin-1beta release by the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor. EMBO J (2006) 25: 5071– 82. 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601378 17036048 PMC1630421 · DOI
- [45]Locovei S Scemes E Qiu F Spray DC Dahl G. Pannexin1 is part of the pore forming unit of the P2X(7) receptor death complex. FEBS Lett (2007) 581: 483– 8. 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.056 17240370 PMC1868681 · DOI
- [46]Yang D He Y Munoz-Planillo R Liu Q Nunez G. Caspase-11 requires the pannexin-1 channel and the purinergic P2X7 pore to mediate pyroptosis and endotoxic shock. Immunity (2015) 43: 923– 32. 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.009 26572062 PMC4795157 · DOI
- [47]Ding J Wang K Liu W She Y Sun Q Shi J Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family. Nature (2016) 535(7610): 111– 6. 10.1038/nature18590 27281216 · DOI · Paper page
- [49]Sborgi L Rühl S Mulvihill E Pipercevic J Heilig R Stahlberg H GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes the mechanism of pyroptotic cell death. EMBO J (2016) 35: 1766– 78. 10.15252/embj.201694696 27418190 PMC5010048 · DOI · Paper page
- [50]Finzel BC Clancy LL Holland DR Muchmore SW Watenpaugh KD Einspahr HM. Crystal structure of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta at 2.0 A resolution. J Mol Biol (1989) 209: 779– 91. 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90606-2 2585509 · DOI
- [51]Bian S Sun X Bai A Zhang C Li L Enjyoji K P2X7 integrates PI3K/AKT and AMPK-PRAS40-mTOR signaling pathways to mediate tumor cell death. PLoS One (2013) 8: e60184. 10.1371/journal.pone.0060184 23565201 PMC3615040 · DOI
- [52]Kurth-Kraczek EJ Hirshman MF Goodyear LJ Winder WW. 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase activation causes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Diabetes (1999) 48: 1667– 71. 10.2337/diabetes.48.8.1667 10426389 · DOI
- [53]Takaguri A Inoue S Kubo T Satoh K AMPK activation by prolonged stimulation with interleukin-1beta contributes to the promotion of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Biol Int (2016) 40: 1204– 11. 10.1002/cbin.10673 27569904 · DOI
- [54]He L Sabet A Djedjos S Miller R Sun X Hussain MA Metformin and insulin suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis through phosphorylation of CREB binding protein. Cell (2009) 137: 635– 46. 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.016 19450513 PMC2775562 · DOI
- [55]Viollet B Guigas B Sanz Garcia N Leclerc J Foretz M Andreelli F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview. Clin Sci (Lond) (2012) 122: 253– 70. 10.1042/CS20110386 22117616 PMC3398862 · DOI · Paper page
- [56]Lee HM Kim JJ Kim HJ Shong M Ku BJ Jo EK. Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes (2013) 62: 194– 204. 10.2337/db12-0420 23086037 PMC3526026 · DOI
- [57]Xu XJ Gauthier MS Hess DT Apovian CM Cacicedo JM Gokce N Insulin sensitive and resistant obesity in humans: AMPK activity, oxidative stress, and depot-specific changes in gene expression in adipose tissue. J Lipid Res (2012) 53: 792– 801. 10.1194/jlr.P022905 22323564 PMC3307656 · DOI
- [58]McGettrick AF O’Neill LA NLRP3 and IL-1beta in macrophages as critical regulators of metabolic diseases. Diabetes Obes Metab (2013) 15(Suppl 3): 19– 25. 10.1111/dom.12169 24003917 · DOI
- [59]Wen H Gris D Lei Y Jha S Zhang L Huang MT Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling. Nat Immunol (2011) 12: 408– 15. 10.1038/ni.2022 21478880 PMC4090391 · DOI
- [60]Li X Zhang Y Xia M Gulbins E Boini KM Li PL. Activation of Nlrp3 inflammasomes enhances macrophage lipid-deposition and migration: implication of a novel role of inflammasome in atherogenesis. PLoS One (2014) 9: e87552. 10.1371/journal.pone.0087552 24475307 PMC3903678 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tubular human brain organoids to model microglia-mediated neuroinflammation
Ao, Z., Cai, H., Wu, Z., Song, S., Karahan, H., Kim, B., Lu, H.-C., Kim, J., Mackie, K., & Guo, F. (2021) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d1lc00030f · Cited by 87 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zha, Q.-B., Wei, H.-X., Li, C.-G., Liang, Y.-D., Xu, L.-H., Bai, W.-J., Pan, H., He, X.-H., & Ouyang, D.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Jinan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ouyang, Dong-Yun
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-12-12
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 597-597
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5149551
- OpenAlex
- W2567141944
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673664, 81173604, 81373423)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Keywords
- ATP, inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, AMPK, macrophages, metformin, caspase-1, IL-1β, bacterial sepsis, lipopolysaccharide, compound C, inflammatory diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review