The DOI matches its Crossref record; 240 of the 240 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health
Open accessAbstract
Exclusive human milk feeding of the newborn is recommended during the first 6 months of life to promote optimal health outcomes during early life and beyond. Human milk contains a variety of bioactive factors such as hormones, cytokines, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, stem cells, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), microbiota, and microRNAs. Recent findings highlighted the potential importance of adding HMOs into infant formula for their roles in enhancing host defense mechanisms in neonates. Therefore, understanding the roles of human milk bioactive factors on immune function is critical to build the scientific evidence base around breastfeeding recommendations, and to enhance positive health outcomes in formula fed infants through modifications to formulas. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the roles of different milk components, the interactions between the different components, and the mechanisms behind health outcomes are poorly understood. This review aims to show the current knowledge about HMOs, milk microbiota, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and milk microRNAs (miRNAs) and how these could have similar mechanisms of regulating gut and microbiota function. It will also highlight the knowledge gaps for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital
Victora, C. G., Adair, L., Fall, C., Hallal, P. C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., & Sachdev, H. S. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61692-4 · Cited by 3,952
Mathieu, M., Martin-Jaular, L., Lavieu, G., & Théry, C. (2019) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0250-9 · Cited by 3,737
MicroRNAs Modulate Hematopoietic Lineage Differentiation
Chen, C.-Z., Li, L., Lodish, H. F., & Bartel, D. P. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091903 · Cited by 3,257 · cited 1×
“Other studies identified miR-181 in human milk (220) which induces B- and T-cell differentiation and development (245, 246) and plays a role in inflammation by downregulating TNF-α production in Brucella abortus infections (247).”
BackgroundLötvall, J., Hill, A. F., Hochberg, F., Buzás, E. I., Di Vizio, D., Gardiner, C., Gho, Y. S., Kurochkin, I. V., Mathivanan, S., Quesenberry, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v3.26913 · Cited by 2,451
Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909122107 · Cited by 2,233
Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system
Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. (2015) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3123 · Cited by 2,160 · cited 2×
“The questions that remain unanswered are: (1) what combination of HMOs or their derivatives should be added to standard formula? (2) should HMOs be added to formula for premature infants? (3) what are the direct and indirect effects of HMOs on infant immune function? (4) how does maternal microbiota transfer into milk…”
BackgroundNeu, J., & Walker, W. A. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1005408 · Cited by 2,141
NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE: Function and Regulation by Innate Cytokines
Biron, C. A., Nguyen, K. B., Pien, G. C., Cousens, L. P., & Salazar-Mather, T. P. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.189 · Cited by 2,113
Vlassov, A. V., Magdaleno, S., Setterquist, R., & Conrad, R. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.017 · Cited by 1,930
The biology and function of exosomes in cancer
Kalluri, R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81135 · Cited by 1,849
Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, L. E., Virmani, M. D., Rosa, F., Munblit, D., Matazel, K. S., Elolimy, A. A., & Yeruva, L.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-02-12
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 604080-604080
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3132906256
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 240
- FWCI
- 24.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fimmu.2021.604080
- The paper
- Carr, L. E., Virmani, M. D., Rosa, F., Munblit, D., Matazel, K. S., Elolimy, A. A., & Yeruva, L. (2021). Role of Human Milk Bioactives on Infants' Gut and Immune Health. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.604080
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
