A systems biology approach reveals differences in the dynamics of colonization and degradation of grass vs. hay by rumen microbes with minor effects of vitamin E supplementation
Open accessAbstract
Increasing the efficiency of utilization of fresh and preserved forage is a key target for ruminant science. Vitamin E is often used as additive to improve product quality but its impact of the rumen function is unknown. This study investigated the successional microbial colonization of ryegrass (GRA) vs ryegrass hay (HAY) in presence of zero or 50 IU/d supplementary vitamin E, using a rumen simulation technique. A holistic approach was used to link the dynamics of feed degradation with the structure of the liquid-associated (LAB) and solid-associated bacteria (SAB). Results showed that forage colonization by SAB was a tri-phasic process highly affected by the forage conservation method: Early colonization (0-2h after feeding) by rumen microbes was 2×faster for GRA than HAY diets and dominated by Lactobacillus and Prevotella which promoted increased levels of lactate (+56%) and ammonia (+18%). HAY diets had lower DM degradation (-72%) during this interval being Streptococcus particularly abundant. During secondary colonization (4-8h) the SAB community increased in size and decreased in diversity as the secondary colonizers took over (Pseudobutyrivibrio) promoting the biggest differences in the metabolomics profile between diets. Secondary colonization was 3×slower for HAY vs GRA diets, but this delay was compensated by a greater bacterial diversity (+197 OTUs) and network complexity resulting in similar feed degradations. Tertiary colonization (>8h) consisted of a slowdown in the colonization process and simplification of the bacterial network. This slowdown was less evident for HAY diets which had higher levels of tertiary colonizers (Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus) and may explain the higher DM degradation (+52%) during this interval. The LAB community was particularly active during the early fermentation of GRA and during the late fermentation for HAY diets indicating that the availability of nutrients in the liquid phase reflects the dynamics of feed degradation. Vitamin E supplementation had minor effects but promoted a simplification of the LAB community and a slight acceleration in the SAB colonization sequence which could explain the higher DM degradation during the secondary colonization. Our findings suggest that when possible, grass should be fed instead of hay, in order to accelerate feed utilization by rumen microbes.
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The amplicon size from Edwards et al. (2017) primers is often too large for effective sequencing, so the reverse primer was changed to avoid chloroplast identification and produce a smaller amplicon for NGS.
“Nonetheless, the amplicon size obtained using the Edwards et al. (2017) primers are often too large for effective sequencing, therefore the reverse primer has been changed to enable avoidance of chloroplast identification and production of a smaller amplicon for NGS sequencing (Belanche et al., 2017).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Belanche et al., 2017
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Palma‐Hidalgo, J. M., Jiménez, E., Popova, M., Morgavi, D. P., Martín-García, A. I., Yáñez-Ruiz, D. R., & Belanche, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13612239
Ali, O., Teye, M., Tóth, T., Bázár, G., Szabó, A., Badu, R., Maki, M., & Yakubu, H. G. (2026) · Veterinary and Animal Science · doi:10.1016/j.vas.2026.100791
- Authors
- Belanche, A., Newbold, C. J., Lin, W., Rees Stevens, P., & Kingston-Smith, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Aberystwyth University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Belanche, Alejandro
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-08-03
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 1456-1456
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5541034
- OpenAlex
- W2737442682
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Llywodraeth Cymru
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/W/10964A01B, BBS/E/W/10964A01A, BBS/E/W/10964A01C)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- forage degradation, ryegrass, hay, vitamin E supplementation, rumen simulation, bacterial community succession, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, bacterial diversity, feed efficiency, ruminant nutrition
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