Evaluation of bile salt hydrolases, cholesterol-lowering capabilities, and probiotic potential of Enterococcus faecium isolated from rhizosphere
Open accessAbstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, hypo-cholesterolemic effect and probiotic properties have been reported for Enterococcus strains isolated from animal- and human-gut and, fermented foods but not for strains isolated from environmental niches, like aquatic and terrestrial plants, soil and water. The present study is the first report on isolation of Enterococcus faecium from rhizospheric soils which harbor bsh gene, remove cholesterol in-vitro and possess essential and desirable probiotic attributes. Fifteen samples were collected from different sites located in northern, southern and central regions of India, of which five yielded pure colonies which were named as LR2, LR3, ER5, LR13 and VB1. These were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as E. faecium and evaluated for BSH activity, cholesterol-lowering potential in-vitro and probiotic properties. Our results indicated that all the strains were capable of surviving in harsh conditions of gastro-intestinal tract and did not harbor any of the virulence genes. Though, all strains showed the presence of bsh and potential for cholesterol removal, E. faecium strain LR13 showed a remarkable cholesterol removal capability, vancomycin susceptibility and possessed most of the desirable and essential attributes of a probiotic. Hence, it seems to be fairly promising probiotic candidate which needs to be further evaluated in in vivo studies, especially for hypo-cholesterolemic potential.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lactobacillus produces cholesterol dehydrogenase/isomerase, which transforms cholesterol into coprosterol, subsequently expelled from the body through feces.
“Lactobacillus produces cholesterol dehydrogenase/isomerase, which transforms cholesterol into coprosterol, subsequently expelled from the body through feces (Singhal et al., 2019).”
From Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N4 ameliorates lipid metabolism and gut microbiota structure in high fat diet-fed rats (2024) · cites this paper as Singhal et al., 2019
The References section lists a study titled “Removal of cholesterol by Lactobacilli via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol,” which supports the conversion portion of the claim. Singhal et al.’s Introduction and Results discuss cholesterol assimilation, but our copy does not state that Lactobacillus produces cholesterol dehydrogenase/isomerase or that the product is expelled in feces. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation
Stepanović, S., Vuković, D., Dakić, I., Savić, B., & Švabic-Vlahović, M. (2000) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00122-6 · Cited by 2,570 · see citing works
The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance
Arias, C. A., & Murray, B. E. (2012) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2761 · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in Probiotics
Begley, M., Hill, C., & Gahan, C. G. M. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.72.3.1729-1738.2006 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Determination of cholesterol using o-phthalaldehyde
Rudel, L. L., & Morris, M. D. (1973) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36896-6 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Eaton, T., & Gasson, M. J. (2001) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.67.4.1628-1635.2001 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Enterococci as probiotics and their implications in food safety
Franz, C. M. A. P., Huch, M., Abriouel, H., Holzapfel, W. H., & Gálvez, A. (2011) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.014 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Adhesion and aggregation properties of probiotic and pathogen strains
Collado, M. C., Meriluoto, J., & Salminen, S. (2008) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-007-0632-x · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Vankerckhoven, V., Autgaerden, T. V., Vael, C., Lammens, C., Chapelle, S., Rossi, R., Jabes, D. L., & Goossens, H. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.42.10.4473-4479.2004 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Ejtahed, H., Mohtadinia, J., Rad, A. H., Niafar, M., Jafarabadi, M. A., Mofid, V., & Akbarian-Moghari, A. (2011) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2010-4128 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: The Enterococcus genus
Ogier, J.-C., & Serror, P. (2007) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.08.017 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Removal of Cholesterol by Lactobacilli via Incorporation and Conversion to Coprostanol
Lye, H.-S., Rusul, G., & Liong, M.-T. (2010) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2574 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Characterization of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk
Abushelaibi, A. A., Al-Mahadin, S., El-Tarabily, K. A., Shah, N. P., & Ayyash, M. M. (2017) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.041 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Bergeyʼs Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
&NA; (1949) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-194902000-00029 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Characterization and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from cheeses
Zago, M., Fornasari, M. E., Carminati, D., Burns, P., Suárez, V., Vinderola, G., Reinheimer, J. A., & Giraffa, G. (2011) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2011.02.009 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Characterization of lactobacilli towards their use as probiotic adjuncts in poultry
Ehrmann, M. A., Kurzak, P., Bauer, J., & Vogel, R. F. (2002) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01608.x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Probiotic potential, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Enterococcus durans strain LAB18s
Pieniz, S., Andreazza, R., Anghinoni, T., Camargo, F. A. D. O., & Brandelli, A. (2013) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.055 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Rosenthal, V., Maki, D. G., Mehta, A. P., Álvarez, C., Leblebicioğlu, H., Higuera, F., Cuellar, L. E., Madani, N., Zan, M., Dueñas, L., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.003 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Safety aspects of enterococci from the medical point of view
Kayser, F. H. (2003) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00188-0 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Rosenthal, V., Maki, D. G., Mehta, A. P., et al. (2008) · Goce Delchev University Repository (Goce Delčev University of Štip) · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Moser, S. A., & Savage, D. C. (2001) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.67.8.3476-3480.2001 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Probiotic Properties of Enterococcus Isolated From Artisanal Dairy Products
Nami, Y., Bakhshayesh, R. V., Jalaly, H. M., Lotfi, H., Eslami, S., & Hejazi, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00300 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Golowczyc, M. A., Mobili, P., Garrote, G. L., Abraham, A. G., & Antoni, G. L. D. (2007) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.042 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Lee, J., Yun, H. S., Cho, K. W., Oh, S., Kim, S. H., Chun, T., Kim, B., & Whang, K. Y. (2011) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.05.003 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Elkins, C. A., Moser, S. A., & Savage, D. C. (2001) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-147-12-3403 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Park, Y. H., Kim, J. G., Shin, Y. W., Kim, S. H., & Whang, K. Y. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Characterization of the aggregation promoting factor from Lactobacillus gasseri , avaginal isolate
Boris, S., Suárez, J. E., & Barbés, C. (1997) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00250.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Hlivák, P., Odraska, J., Ferencĭk, M., Ebringer, L., Jahnova, E., & Mikeś, Z. (2005) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.1007/bf03656709 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Deconjugation of bile salts by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates
Ahn, Y. T., Kim, G. B., Lim, K. S., Baek, Y. J., & Kim, H. U. (2003) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00174-7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Favaro, L., Basaglia, M., Casella, S., Hue, I., Dousset, X., Franco, B. D. G. D. M., & Todorov, S. D. (2013) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2013.09.008 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Bin Masalam, M. S., Bahieldin, A., Alharbi, M. G., Al-Masaudi, S., Al-Jaouni, S. K., Harakeh, S. M., & Al-Hindi, R. R. (2018) · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/7970463 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Albano, C., Morandi, S., Silvetti, T., Casiraghi, M. C., Manini, F., & Brasca, M. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15096 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Antimicrobial resistance profiles of dairy and clinical isolates and type strains of enterococci
Lopes, M. D. F. S., Ribeiro, T., Abrantes, M., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.025 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Hammad, A. M., Hassan, H. A., & Shimamoto, T. (2014) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.020 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Nissen, L., Chingwaru, W., Sgorbati, B., Biavati, B., & Čenčič, A. (2009) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.027 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Banwo, K., Sanni, A. I., & Tan, H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.12031 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Zhang, F., Qiu, L., Xu, X., Liu, Z., Zhan, H., Tao, X., Shah, N. P., & Wei, H. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11870 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Guo, L., Li, T., Tang, Y., Yang, L., & Huo, G. (2015) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12306 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Tomás, M. S. J., Wiese, B., & Nader-Macı́as, M. E. (2005) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02726.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Aspri, M., Bozoudi, D., Tsaltas, D., Hill, C., & Papademas, P. (2016) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.022 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Evaluation of metabolic activities of enterococci isolated from Pecorino Abruzzese cheese
Serio, A., Chaves‐López, C., Paparella, A., & Suzzi, G. (2010) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.02.005 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Nami, Y., Haghshenas, B., Bakhshayesh, R. V., Jalaly, H. M., Lotfi, H., Eslami, S., & Hejazi, M. A. (2018) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.035 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Incidence of virulence in bacteriocin-producing enterococcal isolates
Gupta, H., & Malik, R. K. (2007) · Le Lait · doi:10.1051/lait:2007031 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Tract Colonization Dynamics by DifferentEnterococcus faeciumClades
Montealegre, M. C., Singh, K. V., & Murray, B. E. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv597 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sabia, C., Niederhäusern, S. D., Guerrieri, E., et al. (2007) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03612.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Nami, Y., Abdullah, N., Haghshenas, B., Biak, D. R. A., Rosli, R., & Khosroushahi, A. Y. (2014) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.074161-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Isolated from Human Feces
Ha, C. G., Cho, J.-K., Lee, C., Chai, Y. G., Ha, Y. A., & Shin, S. H. (2006) · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sharma, P., Kaur, S., Kaur, R., Kaur, M., & Kaur, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00948 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Heo, W., Lee, E. S., Cho, H. T., Kim, J. H., Lee, J. H., Yoon, S. M., Kwon, H. T., Yang, S., & Kim, Y. J. (2018) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2018.1497939 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Day, A. M., Sandoe, J. A. T., Cove, J. H., et al. (2001) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.01017.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from forest musk deer feces
Luo, Y. (2012) · African Journal of Microbiology Research · doi:10.5897/ajmr12.807 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Klibi, N., Slimen, N. B., Fhoula, I., López, M., Slama, K. B., Daffonchio, D. G., Boudabous, A., Torres, C., & Ouzari, H. (2012) · Microbes and Environments · doi:10.1264/jsme2.me12041 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hyršlová, I., Krausová, G., Bártová, J., Kolesár, L., Jaglic, Z., Staňková, B., & Čurda, L. (2016) · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2016.505.049 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hojjati, M., Behabahani, B. A., & Falah, F. (2020) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104420 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Agolino, G., Pino, A., Vaccalluzzo, A., Cristofolini, M., Solieri, L., Caggia, C., & Randazzo, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106357 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kusada, H., Arita, M., Tohno, M., & Tamaki, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.858263 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Deng, M., Zhang, S., Wu, S., Jiang, Q., Teng, W., Luo, T., Ouyang, Y., Liu, J., & Gu, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390293 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Singhal, N., Maurya, A. K., Mohanty, S., Kumar, M., & Virdi, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Delhi (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Singhal, Neelja
- Kumar, Manish
- Virdi, Jugsharan Singh
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-07-16
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 1567-1567
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6646458
- OpenAlex
- W2957363309
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/YS/LS-156/2014)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Enterococcus faecium, bile salt hydrolase, cholesterol lowering, probiotic potential, rhizosphere bacteria, gastrointestinal survival, virulence genes, vancomycin susceptibility, cholesterol-lowering effect
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
