RAFT-derived polymethacrylates as a superior treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis by targeting biotic biofilms and persister cells
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BAbstract Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection in need of more effective treatment. Formation of epithelium-associated Candida biofilms and the presence of persister cells are among the major contributing factors to the recurrence of this condition. We have previously developed RAFT-derived polymethacrylates that are effective in killing C. albicans biofilms in vitro. This study aimed to examine the clinical potential of polymethacrylates as antifungals for treatment of recurrent VVC (RVVC). Methods: A mouse model of VVC was used to establish vaginal epithelium-associated biofilms, using C. albicans isolates from VVC/RVVC patients. A comparison was made of the efficacies of polymethacrylates and conventional antifungals, clotrimazole and nystatin, in killing Candida in epithelium-associated biofilms in vivo. Ex vivo biofilms were used for Candida population profiling and to quantify persister cells in vaginal epithelia. The potency of polymethacrylates and conventional antifungals against persister cells, either as sole agents or in combination, was assessed. Results: Polymethacrylates showed negligible local toxicity, resistance to vaginal acidity, and outstanding in vivo activity against vaginal epithelium-associated C. albicans biofilms. In in vivo tests polymethacrylates outperformed the conventional antifungals, nystatin and clotrimazole at concentrations 50 times below the over-the-counter concentrations. Using polymethacrylates was associated with fewer persister cells, and better eradication of persister cells pre-selected by conventional antifungals. Conclusions: This study systematically assessed the clinical potential of RAFT-derived polymethacrylates as an effective treatment for VVC/RVVC in a mouse model. Polymethacrylates effectively killed vaginal epithelium-related C. albicans in vivo by specially targeting biotic biofilms and persister cells. Treatment presented negligible local toxicity.
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In a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, polymethacrylates was more effective at eradicating persisters and induced lower levels of persistence on their own compared to conventional antifungals such as clotrimazole and nystatin.
“In a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, polymethacrylates was more effective at eradicating persisters and induced lower levels of persistence on their own, compared to conventional antifungals such as clotrimazole and nystatin [51].”
From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wu, X., Zhang, S., Xu, X., Shen, L., Xu, B., Qu, W., Zhuang, W., Locock, K., Deighton, M., & Qu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- RMIT University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Qu, Yue
- Venue
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-11-07
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 2592-2592
- ISSN
- 1664-302X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6853869
- OpenAlex
- W2983141982
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772241, 81873822)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (JCY20170818100355168)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, Candida albicans, persister cells, antifungal agents, clotrimazole, nystatin, vaginal epithelium, mouse model, local toxicity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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