Cited by 1,858Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingAntimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus

Persister cells

Lewis, Kim·2010·Annual Review of Microbiology

Abstract

Persisters are dormant variants of regular cells that form stochastically in microbial populations and are highly tolerant to antibiotics. High persister (hip) mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are selected in patients with cystic fibrosis. Similarly, hip mutants of Candida albicans are selected in patients with an oral thrush biofilm. These observations suggest that persisters may be the main culprit responsible for the recalcitrance of chronic infectious disease to antimicrobial therapy. Screening knockout libraries has not produced mutants lacking persisters, indicating that dormancy mechanisms are redundant. Toxin/antitoxin (TA) modules are involved in persister formation in Escherichia coli. The SOS response leads to overexpression of the TisB toxin and persister formation. TisB is a membrane-acting peptide that apparently sends cells into dormancy by decreasing the proton motive force and ATP levels. Stress responses may act as general activators of persister formation. Proteins required for maintaining persisters may represent realistic targets for discovery of drugs capable of effectively treating chronic infections.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306

Cites

92 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Persistence is always linked to cell dormancy, a state in which cellular metabolism temporarily ceases.

    “Persistence is always linked to cell dormancy, a state in which the cellular metabolism temporarily ceases [111,123,124].”
  • Fungal persisters are dormant variants of wild-type cells that are tolerant to antifungal drugs and survive high dosages exceeding the MIC.

    “Fungal persisters are dormant variants of wild-type cells that are tolerant to antifungal drugs, surviving high dosage of antifungals that exceed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) [12,16].”

    From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [16]

  • It is difficult to detect persisters in planktonic cells, unlike in bacteria.

    “It is difficult to detect persisters in planktonic cells, which is different from bacteria [12,16].”

    From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Antibiotic persistence is mostly detected in planktonic cells.

    “This is distinctly different from antibiotic persistence, which is mostly detected in planktonic cells [78].”

    From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [78]

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Authors
Lewis, K.
Affiliations
Northeastern University (US)
Corresponding author
Lewis, Kim
Venue
Annual Review of Microbiology
Published
2010-10-13
Volume
64
Issue
1
Pages
357-372
ISSN
  • 0066-4227 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-3251
OpenAlex
W4213353716
Cited by
1,858
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 96 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 146 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 124 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 132 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 81
FWCI
7.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM061162)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T-R01AO085585)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Keywords
persister cells, antibiotic tolerance, dormancy, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, cystic fibrosis, toxin-antitoxin systems, SOS response, chronic infection, antimicrobial resistance, stress response, proton motive force, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antifungal Agents, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Humans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Fungal

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