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Uncovering neuroinflammation-related modules and potential repurposing drugs for Alzheimer's disease through multi-omics data integrative analysis
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Background: Neuroinflammation is one of the key factors leading to neuron death and synapse dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to have an association with microglia activation and trigger neuroinflammation in AD. However, inflammation response in brain disorders is heterogenous, and thus, it is necessary to unveil the specific gene module of neuroinflammation caused by Aβ in AD, which might provide novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis and help understand the mechanism of the disease. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets of brain region tissues from AD patients and the corresponding normal tissues were first used to identify gene modules through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Then, key modules highly associated with Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammatory response were pinpointed by combining module expression score and functional information. Meanwhile, the relationship of the Aβ-associated module to the neuron and microglia was explored based on snRNA-seq data. Afterward, transcription factor (TF) enrichment and the SCENIC analysis were performed on the Aβ-associated module to discover the related upstream regulators, and then a PPI network proximity method was employed to repurpose the potential approved drugs for AD. Results: A total of 16 co-expression modules were primarily obtained by the WGCNA method. Among them, the green module was significantly correlated with Aβ accumulation, and its function was mainly involved in neuroinflammation response and neuron death. Thus, the module was termed the amyloid-β induced neuroinflammation module (AIM). Moreover, the module was negatively correlated with neuron percentage and showed a close association with inflammatory microglia. Finally, based on the module, several important TFs were recognized as potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD, and then 20 possible drugs including ibrutinib and ponatinib were picked out for the disease. Conclusion: In this study, a specific gene module, termed AIM, was identified as a key sub-network of Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in AD. Moreover, the module was verified as having an association with neuron degeneration and inflammatory microglia transformation. Moreover, some promising TFs and potential repurposing drugs were presented for AD based on the module. The findings of the study shed new light on the mechanistic investigation of AD and might make benefits the treatment of the disease.
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“Other network-centric models, including AlzGPS, map genetic variants onto protein interaction networks to identify modifiable disease nodes. One such node, ATP6V1A, was found to be pharmacologically targetable, with compounds like pioglitazone modulating its associated neuroinflammatory pathways251,334,337,339,340.”
From Artificial intelligence-driven multi-omics approaches in Alzheimer's disease: Progress, challenges, and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as [334]
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Ren, F., Wei, J., Chen, Q., Hu, M., Yu, L., Mi, J., Zhou, X., Qin, D., Wu, J., & Wu, A. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.07.030 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, S., Lu, C., Zhao, Z., Lu, D., & Zheng, G.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- University of Sassari (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Dong
- Zheng, Guangyong
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2023-06-02
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 1161405-1161405
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10272561
- OpenAlex
- W4379185140
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82104521)
- Universidade de Macau
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, microglial activation, gene co-expression modules, drug repurposing, neuronal cell death, diagnostic biomarkers, ibrutinib, ponatinib
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