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Tissue response to neural implants: the use of model systems toward new design solutions of implantable microelectrodes.
Open accessAbstract
The development of implantable neuroelectrodes is advancing rapidly as these tools are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in clinical practice, especially for the treatment of traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders. Electrodes have been exploited in a wide number of neural interface devices, such as deep brain stimulation, which is one of the most successful therapies with proven efficacy in the treatment of diseases like Parkinson or epilepsy. However, one of the main caveats related to the clinical application of electrodes is the nervous tissue response at the injury site, characterized by a cascade of inflammatory events, which culminate in chronic inflammation, and, in turn, result in the failure of the implant over extended periods of time. To overcome current limitations of the most widespread macroelectrode based systems, new design strategies and the development of innovative materials with superior biocompatibility characteristics are currently being investigated. This review describes the current state of the art of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models available for the study of neural tissue response to implantable microelectrodes. We particularly highlight new models with increased complexity that closely mimic in vivo scenarios and that can serve as promising alternatives to animal studies for investigation of microelectrodes in neural tissues. Additionally, we also express our view on the impact of the progress in the field of neural tissue engineering on neural implant research.
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“Another relatively simple way to control the biological responses and improve the long-term biotolerability of neural electrodes is the modification of the chemical composition of the surface of the electrodes by using different polymers and nanomaterials (Hara et al., 2016; Fernandez and Botella, 2017; Gulino et al., 2019).”
From Toward Long-Term Communication With the Brain in the Blind by Intracortical Stimulation: Challenges and Future Prospects (2020) · cites this paper as Gulino et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gulino, M., Kim, D., Pané, S., Santos, S. D., & Pêgo, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Pêgo, Ana Paula
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-07-05
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 689-689
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6624471
- OpenAlex
- W2949950011
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 240
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- European Research Council
- Horizon 2020
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Social Sciences › Education › Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research
- Keywords
- neural implants, implantable microelectrodes, chronic inflammation, biocompatibility, in vitro model, ex vivo model, in vivo models, neural tissue engineering, deep brain stimulation, electrode design, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases
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