The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Coffee and Caffeine Intake With Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coffee and caffeine intake and odds of IBS and its severity in adult population. In this cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of 3,362 Iranian adults were examined using a validated dish-based 106-item Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (DS-FFQ). Coffee and caffeine intake was assessed using the DS-FFQ. IBS was assessed using a modified Persian version of Rome III questionnaire. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that individuals who were taking coffee weekly or more had greater odds of IBS (OR:1.44; 95% CI: 1.02-2.04) than those who never drinking coffee. In addition, participants in the top tertile of caffeine intake (≥106.5 mg/d) had 47% greater odds of IBS compared to those in the bottom tertile (<69.4 mg/d) (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87). By gender, a significant association was observed between caffeine intake and odds of IBS among women (OR for those in the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-2.00), but not in men (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.94-2.30). In addition, a significant positive association was seen between caffeine intake and odds of IBS among subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (OR for those in the highest tertile vs. lowest tertile: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.20-2.48). There was a significant association between caffeine intake and IBS severity among subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-2.62). In conclusion, coffee and caffeine consumption was associated with increased odds of IBS in the whole study population. The association between caffeine and odds of IBS was also significantly positive among women and overweight or obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2). In addition, we found a significant relationship between caffeine intake and severity of IBS symptoms among overweight or obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2).
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“Additionally, a cross-sectional study in an Iranian population found that consuming coffee at least weekly increased the likelihood of having IBS by 44%, and high caffeine intake (≥106.5 mg/day) raised the risk by 47%.”
From Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Considering the evidence, while coffee may help protect against IBS in healthy individuals [100], in diagnosed patients, especially women, overweight individuals and those with IBS-C, it may precipitate and aggravate symptoms, particularly diarrhea and abdominal pain [101,102].”
From Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“This study analyzed sex and IBS subtype differences, revealing that the association was significant only in women (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10–2.00), whereas no clear relationship was observed in men [102].”
From Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, elevated coffee and caffeine intake were associated with a higher prevalence of constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) (OR: 1.66 for coffee; OR: 1.49 for caffeine), suggesting a detrimental rather than a therapeutic effect.”
From Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, overweight or obese individuals showed a 72% higher likelihood of IBS with high caffeine consumption (OR: 1.72), along with greater symptom severity.”
From Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
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Cites
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“The questionnaire contained 106 food items in five various categories: (1) mixed dishes (29 items); (2) grains (10 items); (3) dairy products (9 items); (4) fruits and vegetables (22 items); and (5) miscellaneous food items and beverages (36 items).”
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Cited by
Effects of Coffee on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: A Narrative Review and Literature Update
Nehlig, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14020399 · Cited by 158
Natural Remedies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Herbal-Based Therapies
Abalo, R., Gallego-Barceló, P., & Gabbia, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199345 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Koochakpoor, G., Salari-Moghaddam, A., Keshteli, A. H., Esmaillzadeh, A., & Adibi, P.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-06-15
- Volume
- 8
- ISSN
- 2296-861X
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 11
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