Effects of E-Cigarette Exposure on Prenatal Life and Childhood Respiratory Health: A Review of Current Evidence
Open accessAbstract
In the last decade, widespread use of E-cigarettes (EC) has occurred all over the world. Whereas, a large amount of evidence on harm to children from conventional cigarette exposure is available, data on health effects in this population throughout different vulnerability windows are still a matter of concern. Exposure to EC during pregnancy may compromise placental function, resulting in fetal structural abnormalities. Specifically, this may cause physio-pathologic changes in the developing lung, which in turn may impair respiratory health later in life. Furthermore, there is evidence that using EC can cause both short- and long-term respiratory problems in the pediatric population and there is great concern for future young people with nicotine addiction. The low parental perception of the risks connected to EC exposure for children increases their susceptibility to harmful effects from passive vaping. This minireview aims to summarize the current evidence focusing on: (i) prenatal effects of EC passive exposure; (ii) post-natal respiratory effects of EC exposure in youth; (iii) parental attitudes toward EC use and perception of children's health risks connected to EC exposure; and (iv) addressing gaps in our current evidence.
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Two recent epidemiological studies in humans have associated e-cigarette use with an increased risk for low birthweight and fetal growth restriction.
“Two recent epidemiological studies in humans have associated e-cigarette use with an increased risk for low birthweight and fetal growth restriction [173–175].”
From Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits (2023) · cites this paper as [175]
The Prenatal Effects of EC Passive Exposure section reports two human studies associating e-cigarette use with higher risk of small-for-gestational-age births, a measure of restricted fetal growth. It reports lower gestational-age-specific birth weights in one study, but does not establish increased risk of low birthweight in those two studies; it also cautions that most participants used both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Mescolo, F., Ferrante, G., & La Grutta, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrante, Giuliana
- ORCID
- Ferrante, Giuliana
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-08-20
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 711573-711573
- ISSN
- 2296-2360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8430837
- OpenAlex
- W3195937490
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- electronic cigarettes, prenatal exposure, children's respiratory health, placental function, fetal structural anomalies, lung development, nicotine dependence, parental risk perception, youth vaping, passive smoking
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