DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Therapy and Resistance
Open accessAbstract
DNA repair pathways are triggered to maintain genetic stability and integrity when mammalian cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. The deregulation of DNA repair pathways is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. As the primary anti-cancer therapies, ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents induce cell death by directly or indirectly causing DNA damage, dysregulation of the DNA damage response may contribute to hypersensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic agents and targeting DNA repair pathway can increase the tumor sensitivity to cancer therapies. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of DNA repair pathways has the potential to facilitate the development of inhibitors of nuclear and mitochondria DNA repair pathways for enhancing anticancer effect of DNA damage-based therapy.
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Cancer cells are often characterized by increased replication stress, altered DNA repair mechanisms or changes in chromatin structure.
“One possible explanation for the observed difference between cSNVs and dbSNVs could be system-wide alterations in cancer cells, which are often characterized by increased replication stress, altered DNA repair mechanisms or changes in chromatin structure (85,86).”
From G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer (2024) · cites this paper as [86]
The ‘Role of DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Biology’ section (page unavailable) describes defects and downregulation of DNA repair pathways in cancers, supporting the altered-repair part of the claim. The passages found do not establish that cancer cells are often characterized by increased replication stress or changes in chromatin structure; searches for those terms did not find support for those parts. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Two important homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair-related genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutant confer the genetic predisposition to breast, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer (Riaz et al., 2017).”
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“DDR is a complex network that functions in different ways to target various DNA lesions, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, cell-cycle checkpoints, induction of apoptosis, damage tolerance processes, and multiple DNA repair pathways (Figure 1) (Giglia-Mari et al., 2011; Tian et al., 2015).”
BackgroundN6-Methylation of Adenosine of FZD10 mRNA Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance
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USP1 Is Required for Replication Fork Protection in BRCA1-Deficient Tumors
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BackgroundDNA damage related crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria
Saki, M. R., & Prakash, A. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.050 · Cited by 151 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…| Article 6292661 REVIEW published: 08 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.629266 TLS and double-strand break repair (DSBR), can repair damaged DNA to maintain mitochondria genetic integrity, protect mtDNA against oxidative damage, and promote cell survival (Ohta, 2006; Saki and Prakash, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialHypoxia-Induced Epigenetic Regulation and Silencing of the BRCA1 Promoter
Lu, Y.-H., Chu, A., Turker, M., & Glazer, P. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.01121-10 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“induced by hypoxia, suggesting that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment can suppress the HRR pathway to cause genetic instability (Bindra et al., 2004; Lu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDNA-PK inhibition by NU7441 sensitizes breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation and doxorubicin
Ciszewski, W., Tavecchio, M., Dastych, J., & Curtin, N. (2013) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2785-6 · Cited by 136 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They could inhibit DSBs repair pathway and enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to ionizing radiation or/and chemo-potentiation such as doxorubicin (Ciszewski et al., 2014).”
BackgroundRanson, M., Middleton, M., Bridgewater, J., Lee, S., Dawson, M., Jowle, D., Halbert, G., Waller, S., McGrath, H., Gumbrell, L., et al. (2006) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2198 · Cited by 135 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…as well as PaTrin-2), another pseudo-substrate tested in clinical trials, has been shown to increase the therapeutic index of methylating agent temozolomide in nude mice bearing A375M human melanoma xenografts and patients with advanced solid tumors (Middleton et al., 2002; Ranson et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAbrogation of radioresistance in glioblastoma stem‐like cells by inhibition of ATM kinase
Carruthers, R., Ahmed, S. U., Strathdee, K. E., Gomez-Roman, N., Amoah-Buahin, E., Watts, C., & Chalmers, A. J. (2014) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.003 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Cerrato, A., Morra, F., & Celetti, A. (2016) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0456-2 · Cited by 127 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Numerous studies have indicated that certain cancers are associated with the defect or mutation in the proteins of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA repair pathways (Pearl et al., 2015; Cerrato et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHenneman, L., van Miltenburg, M. H., Michalak, E. M., Braumuller, T. M., Jaspers, J. E., Drenth, A. P., de Korte‐Grimmerink, R., Gogola, E., Szuhai, K., Schlicker, A., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1500223112 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ma, J.-H., Benitez, J., Li, J., Miki, S., de Albuquerque, C. P., Galatro, T. F., Orellana, L., Zanca, C., Reed, R., Boyer, A. D., et al. (2019) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.020 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Huang, F., & Mazin, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100993 · Cited by 122 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…HR RAD51 Combination with radiation in glioma stem cells; combination with clinically approved anticancer agents in breast cancer cell Huang and Mazin (2014), King et al. (2017) AG-14361 BER PARP1 Combination with lestaurtinib in breast cancer cells Vazquez-Ortiz et al. (2014) A-966492 BER…”
BackgroundRAD51 Is a Selective DNA Repair Target to Radiosensitize Glioma Stem Cells
King, H., Brend, T., Payne, H. L., Wright, A., Ward, T., Patel, K., Egnuni, T., Stead, L. F., Patel, A., Wurdak, H., et al. (2017) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.005 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Improvement of chemotherapy efficacy by inactivation of a DNA-repair pathway.
Middleton, M., & Margison, G. (2003) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(03)00959-8 · Cited by 114 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, the protective effect of MGMT could diminish the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents (Middleton and Margison, 2003), suggesting that MGMT activity is likely to be a useful marker of the sensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating agents.”
BackgroundCombined inhibition of STAT3 and DNA repair in palbociclib-resistant ER-positive breast cancer
Kettner, N., Vijayaraghavan, S., Durak, M., Bui, T., Kohansal, M., Min, J.-Y., Liu, B., Rao, X.-Y., Wang, J., Yi, M., et al. (2019) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3274 · Cited by 103 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Abnormal DNA repair activity was found in CDK4/ 6 inhibitors palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells, whereas PARP inhibitors, olaparib and niraparib treatment could significantly inhibit palbociclib-resistant cancer cell viability (Kettner et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChowdhury, S., Surhland, C., Sanchez, Z., Chaudhary, P., Kumar, S., Lee, S., Peña, L., Waring, M., Sitharaman, B., & Naidu, M. (2014) · Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2014.08.001 · Cited by 103
Teng, P.-N., Bateman, N. W., Darcy, K. M., Hamilton, C. A., Maxwell, G. L., Bakkenist, C. J., & Conrads, T. P. (2015) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.035 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Conditional Targeting of the DNA Repair Enzyme hOGG1 into Mitochondria*
Rachek, L., Grishko, V., Musiyenko, S. I., Kelley, M., Ledoux, S., & Wilson, G. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m208770200 · Cited by 97 · cited 2× · see citing works
“8-OxoG-recognizing DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is an important DNA glycosylase for repair of 8oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which is one of the major DNA lesions both of the nDNA and mtDNA, especially in mtDNA (Rachek et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInactivation of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase as a means to enhance chemotherapy.
Rabik, C., Njoku, M., & Dolan, M. (2006) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.03.004 · Cited by 92 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…high MGMT expression in tumor cell is associated with the resistance to 1,3- bis- (2-chloroethyl) -1- nitrosourea (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ) (Happold et al., 2018; Hsu et al., 2018), which target the O6-position of guanine, resulting in cytotoxic and mutagenic DNA adducts (Rabik et al., 2006).”
BackgroundDefective homologous recombination DNA repair as therapeutic target in advanced chordoma
Gröschel, S., Hübschmann, D., Raimondi, F., Horak, P., Warsow, G., Fröhlich, M., Klink, B., Gieldon, L., Hutter, B., Kleinheinz, K., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09633-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Intrinsic Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in a Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colorectal Cancer
Gurjao, C., Liu, D., Hofree, M., AlDubayan, S. H., Wakiro, I., Su, M.-J., Felt, K. D., Gjini, E., Brais, L. K., Rotem, A., et al. (2019) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0683 · Cited by 90 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the contrary, researchers also found that colorectal cancer (CRC) patient with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/a high-level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) exhibited intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint immune checkpoint inhibitor (Gurjao et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMGMT-activated DUB3 stabilizes MCL1 and drives chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Wu, X., Luo, Q., Zhao, P., Chang, W., Wang, Y., Shu, T., Ding, F., Li, B., & Liu, Z. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1814742116 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Based on lines of pre-clinical Lomeguatrib (PaTrin-2) Direct repair MGMT Pancreatic cancer cells; combination with HDACis in ovarian cancer Wu et al. (2019), Shi et al. (2020) Lucanthone BER APE1 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell Chowdhury et al. (2015) CRT0044876 BER APE1 Colon cancer cell lines…”
MethodTargeting the DNA damage response for cancer therapy
Powell, S. N., & Bindra, R. S. (2009) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.04.011 · Cited by 86 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Many inhibitors aiming at both ATM and DNA-PK have been reported to have great potential as a chemo- and radiotherapy sensitizing agents in cancer therapy (Powell and Bindra, 2009).”
BackgroundOhta, S. (2006) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209602 · Cited by 84 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…| Article 6292661 REVIEW published: 08 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.629266 TLS and double-strand break repair (DSBR), can repair damaged DNA to maintain mitochondria genetic integrity, protect mtDNA against oxidative damage, and promote cell survival (Ohta, 2006; Saki and Prakash, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialO'Connor, L. O., Rulten, S., Cranston, A., Odedra, R., Brown, H., Jaspers, J., Jones, L. A., Knights, C., Evers, B., Ting, A., et al. (2016) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3240 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Watson, Z. L., Yamamoto, T. M., McMellen, A., Kim, H., Hughes, C. J., Wheeler, L., Post, M., Behbakht, K., & Bitler, B. (2019) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-019-0758-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Zhao, H.-L., Wang, S., Song, C.-W., Zha, Y.-H., & Li, L. (2016) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/s12957-016-1012-4 · Cited by 79 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Lucanthone combination with radiation and TMZ in GBM patients was tested in phase Ⅱ clinical trial (NCT01587144).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAPC loss affects DNA damage repair causing doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells
Stefanski, C. D., Keffler, K., McClintock, S., Milac, L., & Prosperi, J. R. (2019) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2019.09.002 · Cited by 78 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Inhibiting DNA repair kinases could also prevent doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in breast cancer cells (Stefanski et al., 2019).”
BackgroundWilson, R. H., Evans, T. J., Middleton, M. R., Molife, L. R., Spicer, J. F., Dieras, V. C., Roxburgh, P., Giordano, H., Jaw‐Tsai, S., Goble, S. M., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.36 · Cited by 76 · cited 1× · see citing works
“PAPR1 inhibitors in combination with IR or with other different anticancer agents are currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of patients with BRCA1/2 mutation or HRR-deficiency advanced solid tumors, which shown promising clinical activity (Bang et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2017; Loibl et al., 2018; Colema…”
BackgroundMarzio, A., Puccini, J., Kwon, Y., Maverakis, N., Arbini, A., Sung, P., Bar‐Sagi, D., & Pagano, M. (2018) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.11.003 · Cited by 72 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Another mechanism leading to resistance may restoration of HRR function or reconstruction of replication fork stability by increasing RAD51 expression or re-expressing BRCA1/2 (Ter Brugge et al., 2016; Quigley et al., 2017; Clements et al., 2018; Lim et al., 2018; Marzio et al., 2019).”
BackgroundShinohara, E., Geng, L., Tan, J., Chen, H., Shir, Y., Edwards, E., Halbrook, J., Kesicki, E., Kashishian, A., & Hallahan, D. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4250 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Clements, K. E., Thakar, T., Nicolae, C. M., Liang, X., Wang, H., & Moldovan, G. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky657 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Tran, T. Q., Gabra, M. B. I., Lowman, X. H., Yang, Y., Reid, M. A., Pan, M., O'Connor, T. R., & Kong, M. (2017) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2002810 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Lack of glutamine led to DNA alkylation damage by inhibiting ALKBH activity and increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating agents (Tran et al., 2017).”
BackgroundGao, X.-J., Wang, J., Li, M., Wang, J., Lv, J., Zhang, L., Sun, C., Ji, J.-M., Yang, W., Zhao, Z.-N., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.14560 · Cited by 64 · cited 1×
“Base Excision Repair A number of investigations have shown that inhibition of BER pathway can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to alkylating agents and radiotherapy (Neijenhuis et al., 2005; Gao et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMorgado-Palacin, I., Day, A. M., Murga, M., Lafarga, V., Antón, M. E., Tubbs, A. T., Chen, H.-T., Ergan, A., Anderson, R., Bhandoola, A., et al. (2016) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aad8243 · Cited by 63 · cited 1× · see citing works
“AZD0156, a newly discovered ATM inhibitor, has the potential to promote the survival of leukemia-bearing mice and now is under clinical trial (Morgado-Palacin et al., 2016).”
BackgroundWang, L.-E., Yin, M., Dong, Q., Stewart, D., Merriman, K., Amos, C., Spitz, M., & Wei, Q. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.34.3616 · Cited by 63 · cited 2×
“Cisplatin-resistant tumor cells exhibited higher level of DNA damage repair related genes and DRC, inhibition of NER pathway significantly enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin (Oliver,Mercer, 2010;Wang et al., 2011).”
BackgroundKim, Y. S., Kim, S. H., Cho, J., Kim, J. W., Chang, J.-H., Kim, D. S., Lee, K. S., & Suh, C. (2012) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.12.086 · Cited by 61 · cited 6×
“Lucanthone combination with radiation and TMZ in GBM patients was tested in phase Ⅱ clinical trial (NCT01587144).”
BackgroundInfluentialMuralidharan, S. V., Bhadury, J., Nilsson, L. M., Green, L. C., McLure, K. G., & Nilsson, J. A. (2016) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2015.521 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Bañobre, J. R., & Goel, A. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.071 · Cited by 57 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org February 2021 | Volume 11 | Article 6292668 Li et al. DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy and clinical evidence, the US Food and drug Administration (FDA) has approved anti-PD-1 antibodies for the treatment of patients with MMR-deficient (Ruiz-Bañobre and Goel, 2019).”
BackgroundAlao, J. P., & Sunnerhagen, P. (2009) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/1748-717x-4-51 · Cited by 54 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…cells Muralidharan et al. (2016) AZ20 HR ATR Colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor cells Foote et al. (2013) CGK733 HR ATM/ATR Human breast cancer cells Alao and Sunnerhagen (2009) NU7026 NHEJ DNA-PK Combination with carbon ion irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer cell Ma et al. (2015) NU7441…”
BackgroundTemporal DNA-PK activation drives genomic instability and therapy resistance in glioma stem cells.
Wang, Y., Xu, H., Liu, T.-R., Huang, M.-G., Butter, P., Li, C.-S., Zhang, L., Kao, G., Gong, Y.-Q., Maity, A., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.98096 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Liu, L., Cai, S., Han, C.-H., Banerjee, A., Wu, D.-Y., Cui, T., Xie, G., Zhang, J.-R., Zhang, X.-L., McLaughlin, E. M., et al. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0242 · Cited by 53
mi RNA ‐106a and prostate cancer radioresistance: a novel role for LITAF in ATM regulation
Hoey, C., Ray, J., Jeon, J., Huang, X., Taeb, S., Ylanko, J., Andrews, D. W., Boutros, P. C., & Liu, S. K. (2018) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12328 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Clementi, E., Inglin, L., Beebe, E., Gsell, C., Garajovà, Z., & Markkanen, E. (2020) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-020-00771-x · Cited by 48 · cited 1× · see citing works
“DNA repair pathways play an important role in the maintenance of genome stability and integrity through correcting the impaired DNA that may contribute to carcinogenesis (Clementi et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTsai, A. K., Khan, A. Y., Worgo, C. E., Wang, L., Liang, Y.-Y., & Davila, E. (2017) · Cancer immunology research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0009 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“recently found that NU7441 combination with a multikinase inhibitor regorafenib altered immune microenvironment of melanomas and enhanced the efficacy of various immunotherapies (Tsai et al., 2017).”
BackgroundWise, H. C., Iyer, G., Moore, K., Temkin, S., Gordon, S., Aghajanian, C., & Grisham, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54796-6 · Cited by 45 · cited 2×
“Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org February 2021 | Volume 11 | Article 6292666 Li et al. DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy topoisomerase inhibitors in ovarian cancer xenografts (Wise et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA repair through OGG1 activity attenuates breast cancer progression and metastasis
Yuzefovych, L. V., Kahn, A. G., Schuler, M. A., Eide, L., Arora, R., Wilson, G., Tan, M., & Rachek, L. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0692 · Cited by 45 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Recently, researchers also proved that overexpression of mitochondrial OGG1 decreased breast cancer progression and metastasis (Yuzefovych et al., 2016).”
BackgroundDNA‐PKcs Deficiency Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell‐Derived Angiogenesis After Ionizing Radiation
Liu, Y., Zhang, L.-W., Liu, Y.-Y., Sun, C., Zhang, H., Miao, G.-Y., Di, C., Zhou, X., Zhou, R., & Wang, Z. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24841 · Cited by 45 · cited 1×
“It has been reported that DNA-PK activity plays a role in chemo-radiotherapy resistance (Wang Y. et al., 2018; Stefanski et al., 2019; Alikarami et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMiddleton, M., Thatcher, N., McMurry, T., McElhinney, R. S., Donnelly, D., & Margison, G. (2002) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10532 · Cited by 43 · cited 1×
“…as well as PaTrin-2), another pseudo-substrate tested in clinical trials, has been shown to increase the therapeutic index of methylating agent temozolomide in nude mice bearing A375M human melanoma xenografts and patients with advanced solid tumors (Middleton et al., 2002; Ranson et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMGMT Expression Predicts PARP-Mediated Resistance to Temozolomide
Erice, O., Smith, M. P., White, R., Goicoechea, I., Barriuso, J., Jones, C., Margison, G., Acosta, J., Wellbrock, C., & Arozarena, I. (2015) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0810 · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Combination of temozolomide with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in MGMT-positive cancer cells enhanced the anticancer effects (Erice et al., 2015; Jue et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMontaldi, A. P., & Sakamoto-Hojo, E. (2013) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Testo stampato) · doi:10.1007/s10238-012-0201-x · Cited by 42 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Combined treatment with chemotherapeutic alkylating agent such as TMZ and BCNU could reinforce the cytotoxicity of alkylating agent by targeting BER pathway (Liu et al., 2003; Montaldi and Sakamoto-Hojo, 2013).”
BackgroundEssential role of DNA base excision repair on survival in an acidic tumor microenvironment
Seo, Y., & Kinsella, T. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0624 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Contribution of Mitochondrial DNA Repair to Cell Resistance from Oxidative Stress*
Grishko, V., Rachek, L., Spitz, D., Wilson, G., & Ledoux, S. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m413022200 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Shokolenko, I., Alexeyev, M., Robertson, F., Ledoux, S., & Wilson, G. (2003) · DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/s1568-7864(03)00019-3 · Cited by 41
Veliparib in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma
Jue, T., Nozue, K., Lester, A., Joshi, S. M., Schröder, L. B. W., Whittaker, S. P., Nixdorf, S., Rapkins, R., Khasraw, M., & McDonald, K. (2017) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1164-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sunada, S., Kanai, H., Lee, Y., Yasuda, T., Hirakawa, H., Liu, C., Fujimori, A., Uesaka, M., & Okayasu, R. (2016) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.12998 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Anti-tumor activity and mechanistic characterization of APE1/Ref-1 inhibitors in bladder cancer
Fishel, M., Xia, H., McGeown, J., McIlwain, D. W., Elbanna, M., Craft, A. A., Kaimakliotis, H. Z., Sandusky, G., Zhang, C., Pili, R., et al. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1166 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ma, H.-Y., Takahashi, A., Yoshida, Y., Adachi, A., Kanai, T., Ohno, T., & Nakano, T. (2015) · Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13014-015-0536-z · Cited by 37 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…Human breast cancer cells Alao and Sunnerhagen (2009) NU7026 NHEJ DNA-PK Combination with carbon ion irradiation in non-small cell lung cancer cell Ma et al. (2015) NU7441 NHEJ DNA-PK Combination with radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer cell Sunada et al. (2016) Abbreviations: MGMT,…”
MethodAcidic cellular microenvironment modifies carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair
Shi, Q., Maas, L. M., Veith, C., van Schooten, F., & Godschalk, R. (2016) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1907-4 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Study in human pulmonary epithelial cells has found that the acidic conditions delayed DNA damaging compounds benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism and inhibited NER capacity, ultimately enhanced B[a]P-induced DNA damage (Shi et al., 2017).”
BackgroundNU7441 Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Liver Cancer Cells
Yang, C., Wang, Q., Liu, X., Cheng, X., Jiang, X., Zhang, Y., Feng, Z., & Zhou, P. (2016) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000445551 · Cited by 35 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Alexander K. Tsai et al. recently found that NU7441 combination with a multikinase inhibitor regorafenib altered immune microenvironment of melanomas and enhanced the efficacy of various immunotherapies (Tsai et al., 2017).”
InfluentialHappold, C., Stojcheva, N., Silginer, M., Weiss, T., Roth, P., Reifenberger, G., & Weller, M. (2018) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14326 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Viel, T., Monfared, P., Schelhaas, S., Fricke, I. B., Kuhlmann, M., Fraefel, C., & Jacobs, A. (2013) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.278 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“Several studies in animal models have suggested that the therapy of MGMT gene silence was able to overcome TMZ resistance and increase tumor cell death (Viel et al., 2013).”
BackgroundHypoxia-driven splicing into noncoding isoforms regulates the DNA damage response
Memon, D., Dawson, K., Smowton, C., Wei, X., Dive, C., & Miller, C. J. (2016) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.20 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Neboori, H. J., Haffty, B. G., Wu, H., Yang, Q., Aly, A., Goyal, S., Schiff, D. S., Moran, M. S., Golhar, R., Chen, C., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.089 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Alikarami, F., Safa, M., Faranoush, M., Hayat, P., & Kazemi, A. (2017) · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.022 · Cited by 29
Inhibition of Rad51 sensitizes breast cancer cells with wild-type PTEN to olaparib.
Zhao, Q., Guan, J., Zhang, Z.-W., Lv, J., Wang, Y., Liu, L.-K., Zhou, Q., & Mao, W. (2017) · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.090 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ueta, E., Sasabe, E., Yang, Z., Osaki, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2008) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00918.x · Cited by 26 · cited 1×
“Ueta E et al demonstrated that downregulation of the mtDNA repair-associated molecules, mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) and Polγ by using inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSC) increased the susceptibility of radio-sensitive OSC cells and radio-resistant OSC cells to…”
BackgroundMGMT expression affects the gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells
Shi, Y., Wang, Y., Qian, J., Yan, X., Han, Y. K., Yao, N., & Ma, J. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118148 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase As Molecular Target for Radiosensitization of Neuroblastoma Cells
Dolman, M., van der Ploeg, I. V. D., Koster, J., Bate-Eya, L. T., Versteeg, R., Caron, H., & Molenaar, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145744 · Cited by 25 · cited 3×
“Based on lines of pre-clinical Lomeguatrib (PaTrin-2) Direct repair MGMT Pancreatic cancer cells; combination with HDACis in ovarian cancer Wu et al. (2019), Shi et al. (2020) Lucanthone BER APE1 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell Chowdhury et al. (2015) CRT0044876 BER APE1 Colon cancer cell lines Seo and Kinsella (20…”
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“Based on the concept of “synthetic lethality”-targeting either gene alone in a synthetic lethal pair is tolerated, but simultaneous targeting both genes is lethal, researchers applied PARPi to BRCA mutation tumors (Dhillon et al., 2016).”
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Trends in kinase drug discovery: targets, indications and inhibitor design
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“Moreover, abnormal DNA repair activity was found in palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor)-resistant breast cancer cells, whereas PARP inhibitors, olaparib and niraparib treatment could significantly inhibit palbociclib resistance in cancer cells [98,99].”
BackgroundTargeted Therapy and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer
Kinnel, B., Singh, S. K., Oprea‐Ilies, G., & Singh, R. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15041320 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“A combination therapy clinical study has looked into the use of PARP inhibitor Niraparib and anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with TNBC or ovarian cancer (NCT02657889) [29].”
BackgroundDNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities
Jurkovičová, D., Neophytou, C. M., Gašparović, A. Č., & Gonçalves, A. C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232314672 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
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“The types of DNA damage and corresponding repair systems have been comprehensively discussed elsewhere 193 .”
Self-citationNuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions
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“Other repair pathways, such as mismatch repair, translesion synthesis, and single- and double-strand break repairs, are less efficient or have not been shown to occur in mitochondria [224,225].”
BackgroundMYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities
Donati, G., & Amati, B. B. (2022) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13319 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies
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“169 Targeting AXL signaling presents a promising approach to enhance cell death by promoting DNA damage-induced activation of DDR pathways.”
Of the many cellular responses activated by TP53, which ones are critical for tumour suppression?
Thomas, A., Kelly, G. L., & Strasser, A. (2022) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-022-00996-z · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Emerging nanotechnology-based therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant cancer
Yadav, P., Ambudkar, S. V., & Prasad, N. R. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01626-z · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Enhanced DNA repair pathways and chromatin dynamics are known to be associated with the development of MDR in tumor cells [9, 17, 19].”
BackgroundŠevčíková, A., Izoldova, N., Števurková, V., Kasperova, B., Chovanec, M., Čierniková, S., & Mego, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010488 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“However, cancer cells can trigger the repair of damaged DNA by removal of chemotherapy-induced DNA lesions leading to resistance to anticancer therapy and increased cancer cell survival [19].”
BackgroundThe role of extracellular vesicles in the transfer of drug resistance competences to cancer cells.
Xavier, C., Belisario, D. C., Rebelo, R., Assaraf, Y., Giovannetti, E., Kopecka, J., & Vasconcelos, M. (2022) · Drug resistance updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2022.100833 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Can Cisplatin Therapy Be Improved? Pathways That Can Be Targeted
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“It has been suggested that cisplatin tumour cytotoxicity is based on the formation of ICLs, which can prevent DNA synthesis and RNA transcription elongation, and the mechanisms of resistance to the drug stem from tumour cells exploiting multiple DNA repair pathways to process ICL lesions [53].”
BackgroundMethodDNA Damage and Its Role in Cancer Therapeutics
Moon, J., Kitty, I., Renata, K., Qin, S., Zhao, F., & Kim, W. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054741 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“If the cancer cell cannot restore and activate the DNA damage response (DDR), the affected cancer cell dies [7,8].”
BackgroundThe Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment
Haque, M., Shakil, M. S., & Mahmud, K. M. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15061892 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Three different types of sensor protein complexes are responsible for the recruitment, as well as activation, of these three proteins of the PI3K family at damaged DNA sites, i.e., MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) for ATM, RPA/ATRIP for ATR, and KU70–KU80/86 for DNA-PK [55].”
BackgroundInfluentialZinc finger proteins: guardians of genome stability
Kamaliyan, Z., & Clarke, T. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1448789 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Given that cells which harbor mutations in BRCA1/2 are de fi cient in homologous recombination repair, these cancer cells are exquisitely sensitive to this treatment, a concept known as synthetic lethality (Bryant et al., 2005; Farmer et al., 2005; Li et al., 2021; Baxter et al., 2022).”
BackgroundBioactivity and Development of Small Non-Platinum Metal-Based Chemotherapeutics
Ferraro, M., Piccolo, M., Misso, G., Santamaria, R., & Irace, C. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14050954 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Consequently, DNA repair pathways are now believed to be reasonable druggable targets for enhancing tumour sensitivity to cancer therapies [60].”
BackgroundTherapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy
Ye, J., Wu, J., & Liu, B. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Nanotechnology in cancer treatment: revolutionizing strategies against drug resistance
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Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer
Podolski-Renić, A., Gašparović, A. Č., Valente, A., López, Ó., Nunes, J. H. B., Kowol, C. R., Heffeter, P., & Filipović, N. R. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Ubiquitination Links DNA Damage and Repair Signaling to Cancer Metabolism
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Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance
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“Any processes interfering with the DNA damage mechanisms can reverse the drug-induced damage as most chemotherapy drugs directly or indirectly act by damaging DNA and affect the efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic drugs.(92) For example, cisplatin causes harmful DNA crosslinks, leading to apoptosis.”
BackgroundEpigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis
Zhao, L., Islam, R., Wang, Y., Zhang, X.-J., & Liu, L.-Z. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14235768 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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“Given the lack of a contrast template strand, NHEJ is a faster but error-prone mechanism of DNA repair [9,15].”
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Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer
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“Abundant published evidence suggested that alteration in tumor DNA repair can be the therapeutic target, and its deficiency is linked with clinical biomarkers (Li et al. 2021)S.”
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Mitochondrial DNA-targeted therapy: A novel approach to combat cancer
Lin, Y., Yang, B., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, J., Ma, L., & Shen, Y. (2023) · Cell Insight · doi:10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100113 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Glioblastoma Stem Cells—Useful Tools in the Battle against Cancer
Rodriguez, S. M. B., Staicu, G.-A., Sevastre, A.-S., Baloi, C., Ciubotaru, V. G., Dricu, A., & Tătăranu, L. G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23094602 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Targeting the DNA repairing pathways could increase the sensitivity of tumor to various cancer therapies [17].”
BackgroundDrug resistance mechanisms in cancers: Execution of pro-survival strategies
Dhanyamraju, P. K. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.37.20230248 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Breathing new insights into the role of mutant p53 in lung cancer
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Beyond the Double-Strand Breaks: The Role of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancer Stem-Cell Regulation
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WEE1 Inhibition in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Synergies, Preclinical Insights, and Clinical Trials.
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“8g), two features associated with chemotherapy resistance 26,27 .”
BackgroundCarlsen, L., & El‐Deiry, W. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.998388 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Activation of these pathways results in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and/or apoptosis depending on the extent of DNA damage (Figure 1) (15).”
BackgroundCellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress
Nickoloff, J. A., Jaiswal, A. S., Sharma, N., Williamson, E. A., Tran, M. T., Arris, D., Yang, M., & Hromas, R. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316903 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…truly a double-edged sword: it maintains genome stability and suppresses tumorigenesis, but tumor cells can hijack the DDR to upregulate DNA repair and promote tumor cell survival in response to oncogenic stress and stress induced by genotoxic (DNA-damaging) chemotherapy and radiotherapy [15–21].”
BackgroundResearch Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma
Wang, M., & Yu, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.891171 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Dual Approaches in Oncology: The Promise of siRNA and Chemotherapy Combinations in Cancer Therapies
Sousa, C., & Videira, M. (2025) · Onco · doi:10.3390/onco5010002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Drug repair mechanisms, mutations in drug targets, and the activation of alternative survival pathways [25–27].”
CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer
Firnau, M.-B., & Brieger, A. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081987 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The MMR system repairs base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops (IDLs) [466] which arise either during DNA replication or are caused by DNA damage [487].”
BackgroundInfluentialNanomedicines for Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance
Hu, T., Gong, H., Xu, J., Huang, Y., Wu, F., & He, Z. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14081606 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Insights into therapy resistance in cervical cancer
George, I. A., Chauhan, R., Dhawale, R., Iyer, R., Limaye, S., Sankaranarayanan, R., Venkataramanan, R., & Kumar, P. (2022) · Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis · doi:10.1016/j.adcanc.2022.100074 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lagunas-Rangel, F., Liu, W., & Schiöth, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042064 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Meanwhile, DNA-PK activity, involved in double-strand repair through the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, plays a role in chemoresistance and its inhibition enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to different chemotherapeutic drugs [53].”
BackgroundPolónia, B. R. G., Xavier, C. P. R., Kopecka, J., Riganti, C., & Vasconcelos, M. H. (2023) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…cells may contribute to drug resistance by enhancing mechanisms to evade cell death [42,43], exacerbating DNA damage response and repair mechanisms [44], altering the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) [45,46] and increasing the expression of the multidrug resistant (MDR) ATP-binding…”
microRNAs in cancer chemoresistance: The sword and the shield
Mondal, P., & Meeran, S. (2021) · Non-coding RNA Research · doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.12.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“ERCC1 is associated with resistance of platinum-based agents, whereas high expression of RRM1 is associated with cisplatin, docetaxel, and gemcitabine resistance [10,18].”
BackgroundRoles of NRF2 in DNA damage repair
Li, J., Xu, C. S., & Liu, Q. (2023) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13402-023-00834-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The DNA repair capacity of tumor cells is associated with drug resistance in chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy [93, 94].”
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The UHRF protein family in epigenetics, development, and carcinogenesis
Unoki, M., & Sasaki, H. (2022) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · doi:10.2183/pjab.98.021 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Biegała, Ł., Gajek, A., Marczak, A., & Rogalska, A. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12071038 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair
Song, J.-X., Villagomes, D., Zhao, H., & Zhu, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Advances in Development of Selective Antitumor Inhibitors That Target PARP-1
Liu, F., Chen, J., Li, X., Liu, R., Zhang, Y., Gao, C., & Shi, D. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00865 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Curcumin modulates cell type-specific miRNA networks to induce cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.
Ravindran, F., Mhatre, A., Koroth, J., Narayan, S., & Choudhary, B. (2023) · Life Science · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122224 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The AKT inhibitor, MK-2206, attenuates ABCG2-mediated drug resistance in lung and colon cancer cells
Gao, H.-L., Cui, Q.-B., Wang, J.-Q., Ashby, C., Chen, Y.-C., Shen, Z.-R., & Chen, Z.-S. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1235285 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“, lysosomes) and 8) evasion of the host immune response (Zhitomirsky and Assaraf, 2016; Rathore et al., 2017; Kaur et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2021a; Wang et al., 2021b; Ni et al., 2021; Meng et al., 2022).”
BackgroundGreen Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Regulates Autophagy in Male and Female Reproductive Cancer
Hung, S.-W., Li, Y., Chen, X.-Y., Chu, K., Zhao, Y.-W., Liu, Y.-Y., Guo, X., Man, G.-N. C. W., & Wang, C.-C. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.906746 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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“Therefore, inhibiting DNA repair could be a promising therapeutic approach to overcome the tumor radioresistance and recurrence [13 – 15].”
BackgroundRecent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers
Bhattacharya, D., Mukhopadhyay, M., Shivam, K., Tripathy, S., Patra, R., & Pramanik, A. (2023) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“However, there are few cases of clinical studies where there is no connection observed between CP resistance and XRCC1 or genotypic relevance [164, 165].”
BackgroundSignaling pathway dysregulation in breast cancer
Ryspayeva, D., Seyhan, A. A., MacDonald, W., Purcell, C., Roady, T. J., Ghandali, M., Verovkina, N., El‐Deiry, W. S., Taylor, M. S., & Graff, S. L. (2025) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.28701 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Transmembrane nuclease NUMEN/ENDOD1 regulates DNA repair pathway choice at the nuclear periphery
Chen, B., Ge, T., Jian, M., Chen, L., Fang, Z., He, Z., Huang, C., An, Y., Yin, S., Xiong, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01165-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mukherjee, S., Dutta, A., & Chakraborty, A. (2022) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2022.109302 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Gene Variants and Splice Variants
Martens, M. C., Emmert, S., & Boeckmann, L. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12081173 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Since abnormal function of DNA repair pathways is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer [53], further research should be conducted on the influence of alternative splice variants of XP genes on cancer risk.”
BackgroundThe Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in the Development of Cervical Pre-Cancer—An Update
Choi, P.-W., Liu, T.-L., Wong, C.-W., Liu, S.-K., Lum, Y., & Ming, W. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23137126 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hidden Targets in RAF Signalling Pathways to Block Oncogenic RAS Signalling
Nolan, A. A., Aboud, N. K., Kölch, W., & Matallanas, D. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12040553 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Despite the headlines made by targeted therapies, DNA damaging chemotherapy is still the mainstay of cancer treatment and augmenting its efficacy could reduce side effects and increase responses [64].”
BackgroundKrishnaraj, J., Yamamoto, T., & Ohki, R. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15133399 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Following chemoradiotherapy, p53-induced DNA repair enzymes help cancer cells to evade DNA damage-induced apoptosis or cell cycle arrest and permit uncontrolled proliferation [110,111].”
BackgroundDas, P. K., Matada, G. S. P., Pal, R., Maji, L., Dhiwar, P. S., Manjushree, B. V., & Viji, M. P. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116535 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ma, B., Li, Q., Mi, Y.-Q., Zhang, J.-J., Tan, W.-Q., & Guo, Z.-Y. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128590 · Cited by 23
Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases
Tyler, S. E. B., & Tyler, L. D. K. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Most drugs targeted to DNA damage are in development for anti-cancer therapy, aiming to kill the cancerous cells (Li et al., 2021).”
Xia, N., Yang, N., Shan, Q., Wang, Z., Liu, X., Chen, Y., Lu, J., Huang, W., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17254 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sidi, S., Pascottini, O. B., Angel-Velez, D., Azari-Dolatabad, N., Pavani, K., Residiwati, G., Meese, T., van Nieuwerburgh, F., Bawa, E. K., Voh, A. A., et al. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11020344 · Cited by 23
“In the same line, the DNA repair pathway was upregulated in the lycopene group, indicating stimulation to maintain genetic stability and integrity when the embryos were exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents, such as ROS [61].”
BackgroundSolta, A., Boettiger, K., Kovács, I., Lang, C., Megyesfalvi, Z., Ferk, F., Mišík, M., Hoetzenecker, K., Aigner, C., Kowol, C., et al. (2023) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1795 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“DNA-repair mechanisms such as BER are known to be involved in resistance to chemotherapy in a wide variety of cancer cells (68).”
Lai, H.-H., Hung, L.-Y., Yen, C., Hung, H.-C., Chen, R.-Y., Ku, Y., Lo, H., Tsai, H., Lee, Y.-P., Yang, T.-H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.6001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Current examples of DNA repair inhibitors commonly used in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy include inhibitors for DNA damage sensors poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and the DNA repair enzyme APE1 endonuclease [2].”
BackgroundTargeting Replication Stress Response Pathways to Enhance Genotoxic Chemo- and Radiotherapy
Nickoloff, J. A. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27154736 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“, low oxygen and nutrient levels, attack by the immune system); gain cell migratory functions that drive invasion and metastasis; develop resistance to intrinsic oncogenic stress reflecting dysregulated DNA replication [29,30]; and develop resistance to extrinsic stress from genotoxic therapeutics [15,31].”
BackgroundChen, M., Ma, Y., & Chang, W. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.72482 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Many pharmacological inhibitors of DNA damage repair have been identified and are used in clinical studies for cancer therapy (150).”
BackgroundTherapy resistance in prostate cancer: mechanism, signaling and reversal strategies
Thakur, N., Singh, P., Bagri, A., Srivastava, S., Dwivedi, V., Singh, A., Jaiswal, S. K., & Dholpuria, S. (2024) · Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy · doi:10.37349/etat.2024.00266 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Editorial: Chemo-Radiation-Resistance in Cancer Therapy
Lin, X., Kong, D., & Chen, Z.-S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.904063 · Cited by 21
G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer
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“One possible explanation for the observed difference be-tween cSNVs and dbSNVs could be system-wide alterations in cancer cells, which are often characterized by increased replication stress, altered DNA repair mechanisms or changes in chromatin structure ( 85 ,86 ).”
BackgroundTargeted Hyperbranched Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
Lim, M., Fletcher, N. L., Saunus, J. M., Reed, A. E. M., Chittoory, H., Simpson, P. T., Thurecht, K. J., & Lakhani, S. R. (2023) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00558 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hassel, J. C., Zimmer, L., Sickmann, T., Eigentler, T., Meier, F. E., Mohr, P., Pukrop, T., Roesch, A., Vordermark, D., Wendl, C. M., et al. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15133448 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in chemobrain: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Kim, H., Rashid, M. A., Poleschuk, M., Ullah, F., Lee, S., Kim, S., Qin, B., Zheng, X., & Jang, M.-H. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118581 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Emerging innovations in theranostics for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
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“These mechanisms include epigenetic alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug efflux, enhanced DNA repair and impaired apoptosis [30–32].”
BackgroundMatarrese, P., Signore, M., Ascione, B., Fanelli, G., Paggi, M., & Abbruzzese, C. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05501-3 · Cited by 19
“Since DNA damage response (DDR) may contribute to the hypersensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic agents [51], and CPZ shows a synergy with TMZ [36], we investigated the effects of CPZ on DNA repair pathways.”
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Lee, S., Kim, J., Jeong, E., & Myung, K. (2025) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2025.103887 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. M., Nguyen, T. Y. N., Le, N. T. H., Le, T. N. T., Chau, N. T. N., Le, T. M. H., & Nguyen, B. Q. H. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39229 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In cancer cells, the induction of DNA damage response protects against genetic instability and promotes tumor growth [49].”
BackgroundChitosan nanocarriers: A promising approach for glioblastoma therapy.
Sarkar, P., Manna, A., Bera, S., Sen, O., Das, P., Nandi, G., & Manna, S. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123823 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The hallmarks of oncogenic signaling: From pathways to resistance in cancer therapy
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“Increasing literature data correlate DNA repair pathways deregulation with cancer initiation and progression [30] and DNA repair mechanisms play a pivotal role in modulating cancer risk, progression and therapeutic response [31].”
Elevated PAF1-RAD52 axis confers chemoresistance to human cancers
Rauth, S., Ganguly, K., Atri, P., Parte, S. C., Nimmakayala, R. K., Varadharaj, V., Nallasamy, P., Vengoji, R., Ogunleye, A. O., Lakshmanan, I., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112043 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Chemotherapeutic agents directly or indirectly induce DNA damage to induce tumor cell death; 44,45 thus, DNA-damage-repairing potential profoundly affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapies.”
BackgroundSatapathy, S., Das, C. K., Aggarwal, P., Sood, A. K., Parihar, A. S., Singh, S. K., & Mittal, B. R. (2022) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.24450 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Being tumor‐suppressor genes, their alterations lead to more aggressive disease, while a defective DNA repair mechanism can also theoretically sensitize to chemotherapy and radiation.(9,19,20) However, the impact of DDR‐associated alterations on treatment outcomes in the setting of mCRPC has been quite inconsistent.”
BackgroundTan, L., Huang, Z., Chen, Z.-R., Chen, S., Ye, Y.-L., Chen, T., & Chen, Z.-F. (2021) · Journal of chemotherapy · doi:10.1080/1120009x.2021.2009990 · Cited by 16
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“However, cancer cells, especially resistant cells, are known to possess more robust phenotypes of antagonizing DNA damage via innate DNA repair or adaptive repair pathways (Jiang et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAlradwan, I., Zhi, P., Zhang, T., Lip, H., Zetrini, A. E., He, C.-S., Henderson, J. T., Rauth, A. M., & Wu, X.-Y. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.061 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lucchesi, C. A., Vasilatis, D. M., Mantrala, S., Chandrasekar, T., Mudryj, M. M., & Ghosh, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241411395 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chemotherapy and Physical Therapeutics Modulate Antigens on Cancer Cells
Szlasa, W., Janicka, N., Sauer, N., Michel, O., Nowak, B., Saczko, J., & Kulbacka, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.889950 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles in Ovarian Cancer: From Chemoresistance Mediators to Therapeutic Vectors
Muttiah, B., Fuad, N. D. M., Jaafar, F., & Abdullah, N. A. H. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12081806 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“HR plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair and is particularly significant in OC, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) [65].”
BackgroundZhao, S., Wang, L.-L., Ouyang, M., Xing, S.-N., Liu, S., Sun, L., & Yu, H. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306969 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Chemotherapy can induce DNA damage to trigger the DNA repair mechanism, for which can activate the cell cycle checkpoints and arrest cell cycle to repair the damage [29].”
Background
- Authors
- Li, L.-Y., Guan, Y.-D., Chen, X.-S., Yang, J.-M., & Cheng, Y.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cheng, Yan
- ORCID
- Cheng, Yan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-02-08
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 629266-629266
- ISSN
- 1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7898236
- OpenAlex
- W3127551105
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81422051 81472593 31401208)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › PARP inhibition in cancer therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- DNA repair pathways, DNA damage response, cancer therapy, chemoresistance, ionizing radiation, DNA-damaging agents, DNA repair inhibitors, mitochondrial DNA repair, tumor sensitivity
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