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Quantifying Fatigue in the Rugby Codes: The Interplay Between Collision Characteristics and Neuromuscular Performance, Biochemical Measures, and Self-Reported Assessments of Fatigue

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Naughton, Mitchell, McLean, Scott, Scott, Tannath J., Weaving, Dan, Solomon, Colin·2021·Frontiers in Physiology
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2021.711634PMC PMC8586499
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Abstract

Locomotor and collision actions that rugby players complete during match-play often lead to substantial fatigue, and in turn, delays in recovery. The methods used to quantify post-match fatigue and recovery can be categorised as subjective and objective, with match-related collision characteristics thought to have a primary role in modulating these recovery measures. The aim of this review was to (1) evaluate how post-match recovery has been quantified in the rugby football codes (i.e., rugby league, rugby union, and rugby sevens), (2) to explore the time-course of commonly used measures of fatigue post-match, and (3) to investigate the relationships between game-related collisions and fatigue metrics. The available evidence suggests that upper-, and lower-body neuromuscular performance are negatively affected, and biomarkers of muscular damage and inflammation increase in the hours and days following match-play, with the largest differences being at 12–36 h post-match. The magnitude of such responses varies within and between neuromuscular performance (Δ ≤ 36%,n= 13 studies) and tissue biomarker (Δ ≤ 585%,n= 18 studies) measures, but nevertheless appears strongly related to collision frequency and intensity. Likewise, the increase in perceived soreness in the hours and days post-match strongly correlate to collision characteristics across the rugby football codes. Within these findings, there are specific differences in positional groups and recovery trajectories between the codes which relate to athlete characteristics, and/or locomotor and collision characteristics. Finally, based on these findings, we offer a conceptual model of fatigue which details the multidimensional latent structure of the load to fatigue relationship contextualised to rugby. Research to date has been limited to univariate associations to explore relationships between collision characteristics and recovery, and multivariate methods are necessary and recommended to account for the latent structures of match-play external load and post-match fatigue constructs. Practitioners should be aware of the typical time windows of fatigue recovery and utilise both subjective and objective metrics to holistically quantify post-match recovery in rugby.

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  • Countermovement jump height can be considered an objective marker of neuromuscular fatigue for up to 48 hours following competition.

    “Furthermore, CMJ jump height can be considered an objective marker of NMF, for up to 48 h following competition [7, 16–18].”

    From Creatine kinase and neuromuscular fatigue responses following differing spells of simulated cricket fast bowling (2025) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Neuromuscular Performance table reports reduced countermovement jump height at some post-match measurements, including within 48 hours. But the section’s Summary says height changes were highly variable and that jump height has limitations as a fatigue measure; it favors force-plate kinetic measures. The paper therefore does not support treating jump height as a reliable objective marker throughout that period. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Naughton, M., McLean, S., Scott, T. J., Weaving, D., & Solomon, C.
Affiliations
  • University of the Sunshine Coast (AU)
  • Leeds Beckett University (GB)
Corresponding author
Naughton, Mitchell
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-10-29
Volume
12
Pages
711634-711634
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphys.2021.711634
PMC
PMC8586499
OpenAlex
W3211329487
Cited by
17
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • University of New England
  • University of Sydney
  • University of the Sunshine Coast
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
rugby, recovery, collision characteristics, neuromuscular performance, inflammatory markers, perceived soreness, rugby league, rugby union, rugby sevens, positional differences

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