A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Kindness and “Treating Oneself” in Contexts of Eating, Weight Regulation and Other Health Behaviors: Implications for Mindfulness-Based Eating Programs
Open accessAbstract
Background: Caring for oneself through mindfulness and compassion to improve or enhance health behaviours, and specifically eating behaviours has come to the forefront of scientific inquiry. The experiences and challenges for people in decision making around food within the context of self-kindness for body and mind care have not been previously explored. Aims: This study explored the experiences of eating behaviours in a community sample and examined the understanding of self-kindness and its relationship to eating behaviours and wellbeing of body and mind. Methods: A phenomenological theoretical position was taken; data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews. The sample was twenty-five members of the wider community in the West Midlands in England. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) procedural steps for thematic analysis. Results: Two overarching themes were inductively formulated: ‘Thinking about eating’ and ‘Caring for body and mind’. Five themes were constructed: (a) Treat food is exceptional eating, (b) The proof of the pudding is in the planning, (c) Dieting is a dirty word, which are subsumed under Thinking about eating, and (d) Self-kindness is a disavowed abstract noun, and (e) Self-kindness: A rose by any other name; under Caring for body and mind. Participants described a number of ways of treating themselves both with food and with other activities and pleasure in eating was discussed in terms of social aspects of eating rather than food. Two clear contradictions within narratives around eating and health behaviours were shown. Participants largely eschewed the concept of dieting, but described engaging in highly regulated and restrained eating. There was a lack of connection with the notion of self-kindness; although positive eating and exercise health behaviours were undertaken, they were described as necessary self-regulation, not construed as acts of self-kindness. Conclusions: The results suggests a lack of ease in the interpretation of being kind to oneself as a means of improving mental wellbeing, and an inability to relate self-kindness to physical health behaviours. The association of self-kindness with self-indulgence, and the described disconnect between hunger, satiety and pleasure in eating has implications for interpretation of mindful eating scales, practices and
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The culture of the West teaches people to associate self-compassion with passivity or weakness and to confuse the concept with self-indulgence or self-pity, rather than a healthier perspective of oneself able to battle psychopathology.
“The culture of the West teaches people to associate self-compassion with passivity or weakness and to confuse the concept with self-indulgence or self-pity, rather than a healthier perspective of oneself that is able to battle psychopathology (Egan & Mantzios, 2018;Mantzios & Egan, 2017;Neff & Dahm, 2015).”
From When ‘negativity’ becomes obstructive: a novel exploration of the two-factor model of the Self-Compassion Scale and a comparison of self-compassion and self-criticism interventions (2020) · cites this paper as Egan & Mantzios, 2018
The Discussion (page not provided) reports that participants associated self-kindness with self-indulgence, and the Introduction says self-kindness can alleviate psychological distress. The paper does not establish that Western culture teaches people to see self-compassion as weakness or passivity, nor does it address confusion with self-pity or a general ability to combat psychopathology. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Data were analyzed inductively from a contextualist point of view (Braun and Clarke, 2006).”
Method(2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,477 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · see citing works
Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself
NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440 · see citing works
Self‐Compassion, Self‐Esteem, and Well‐Being
Neff, K. D. (2011) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Lapadat, J. C., & Lindsay, A. C. (1999) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/107780049900500104 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature
Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. A. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.003 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Promoting Self–Compassionate Attitudes Toward Eating Among Restrictive and Guilty Eaters
Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2007.26.10.1120 · Cited by 353 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2018a), motivations to eat palatable foods (Mantzios and Egan, 2018), overeating (Adams and Leary, 2007), eating disorder symptomatology (Taylor et al.”
BackgroundSelf-compassion, stress, and coping in the context of chronic illness
Sirois, F. M., Molnar, D. S., & Hirsch, J. K. (2015) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.996249 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Hays, N. P., & Roberts, S. B. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.12 · Cited by 253 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When dieting has been associated with habitual overeating (Hays and Roberts, 2008), eating disinhibition (Westenhoefer et al.”
BackgroundCognitive Control of Eating Behavior and the Disinhibition Effect
Westenhöfer, J., Broeckmann, P., Münch, A.-K., & Pudel, V. (1994) · Appetite · doi:10.1006/appe.1994.1032 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Mindfulness, Eating Behaviours, and Obesity: A Review and Reflection on Current Findings
Mantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2015) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0131-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnus, C. M. R., Kowalski, K. C., & McHugh, T.-L. (2009) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860903135073 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Who Benefits from Training in Self-Compassionate Self-Regulation? A Study of Smoking Reduction
Kelly, A. C., Zuroff, D. C., Foa, C. L., & Gilbert, P. (2010) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.7.727 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages linked to obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ruanpeng, D., Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., & Harindhanavudhi, T. (2017) · QJM: An International Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcx068 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The Role of Self-Compassion in Physical and Psychological Well-Being
Hall, C. W., Row, K. A., Wuensch, K. L., & Godley, K. R. (2013) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2012.693138 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Pleasure in the mind: Restrained eating and spontaneous hedonic thoughts about food
Papies, E. K., Stroebe, W., & Aarts, H. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.08.001 · Cited by 154 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 1994), and as being a forceful agent of the hedonic drive (Papies et al., 2007), data suggests that labeling dieting as restraint is perceived as a healthier and more effective means of weight regulation.”
BackgroundSelf-compassion and reactions to serious illness: The case of HIV
Brion, J. M., Leary, M. R., & Drabkin, A. S. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105312467391 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
License to sin: Self‐licensing as a mechanism underlying hedonic consumption
Huberts, J. C. D. W., Evers, C., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2011) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.861 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Sirois, F. M. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.03.006 · Cited by 136 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2010) and weight regulation (Mantzios and Wilson, 2015a) to predicting health-promoting behaviors and better physical health (Hall et al., 2013; Sirois, 2015; Sirois et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2016; Dunne et al., 2016), self-compassion has become a trait at the forefront of up-to-date inquiries around health and he…”
BackgroundMantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2013) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2013.863883 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationBrief report: Self-compassion, physical health and the mediating role of health-promoting behaviours
Dunne, S., Sheffield, D., & Chilcot, J. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316643377 · Cited by 133 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2010) and weight regulation (Mantzios and Wilson, 2015a) to predicting health-promoting behaviors and better physical health (Hall et al., 2013; Sirois, 2015; Sirois et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2016; Dunne et al., 2016), self-compassion has become a trait at the forefront of up-to-date inquiries around health and he…”
BackgroundMantzios, M., & Wilson, J. C. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0325-z · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-Compassion Amongst Clients with Problematic Alcohol Use
Brooks, M., KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J., Bowman, J., & Childs, S. J. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0106-5 · Cited by 96 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2010), daily alcohol usage (Brooks et al., 2012) and medical adherence (Brion et al.”
BackgroundRahimi-Ardabili, H., Reynolds, R., Vartanian, L. R., McLeod, L. V. D., & Zwar, N. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0804-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Taylor, M. B., Daiss, S., & Krietsch, K. (2015) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000035 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mantzios, M., Egan, H. H., Hussain, M., Keyte, R., & Bahia, H. (2018) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0548-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., Linnell, M., & Morris, P. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0286-2 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Constructs of a Business Model Redefined: A Half-Century Journey
Perić, M., Đurkin, J., & Vitezić, V. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017733516 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
On the Role of Self-compassion and Self-kindness in Weight Regulation and Health Behavior Change
Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00229 · Cited by 68 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Self-kindness, which is a component within the theorisation and measurement of self-compassion was suggested to be a vital element within health behaviors, especially when an equilibrium of self-care is reached between body and mind (Mantzios and Egan, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSelf-compassion, attitudes to ageing and indicators of health and well-being among midlife women
Brown, L., Bryant, C., Brown, V. M., Bei, B., & Judd, F. K. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1060946 · Cited by 66 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2010) and weight regulation (Mantzios and Wilson, 2015a) to predicting health-promoting behaviors and better physical health (Hall et al., 2013; Sirois, 2015; Sirois et al., 2015; Brown et al., 2016; Dunne et al., 2016), self-compassion has become a trait at the forefront of up-to-date inquiries around health and he…”
BackgroundMantzios, M., Egan, H. H., Bahia, H., Hussain, M., & Keyte, R. (2018) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102918762701 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Positive Impact of Mindful Eating on Expectations of Food Liking
Hong, P. Y., Lishner, D. A., Han, K. H., & Huss, E. A. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0048-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2018) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2018.73052 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationHussein, M., Egan, H. H., & Mantzios, M. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017704685 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationAdverse Meditation Experiences: Navigating Buddhist and Secular Frameworks for Addressing Them
Compson, J. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0878-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ogden, J., Oikonomou, E., & Alemany, G. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315595119 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Associations between alcohol and obesity in more than 100 000 adults in England and Scotland
O’Donovan, G., Stamatakis, E. A., & Hamer, M. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s000711451700352x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bays J. C. (2017). Mindful Eating: A Guide to Rediscovering a Healthy and Joyful Relationship with Food (Revised Edition). Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schnepper, R., Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595806 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Consequently, self-kindness might lead to self-indulgence and an unhealthy but comforting snack might be permitted (Mantzios and Egan, 2017; Egan and Mantzios, 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-compassion in weight management: A systematic review
Brenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., Boggiss, A., Wallace-Boyd, K., Roy, R., & Serlachius, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110617 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Salvo, V., Curado, D. F., Sañudo, A., Kristeller, J. L., Schveitzer, M. C., Favarato, M. L., Isidoro, W., & Demarzo, M. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106131 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-Compassion, Mindful Eating, Eating Attitudes and Wellbeing Among Emerging Adults
Shaw, R., & Cassidy, T. (2021) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2021.1992334 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zervos, K., Koletsi, M., Mantzios, M., Skopeliti, N., Tsitsas, G., & Naska, A. (2021) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294120988104 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…to teach mindful eating and related mindfulness practices (seeThe Center for Zervos et al. 7 weight management that is more considerate of physiological, behavioral and emotional regulation in the midst of weight loss and maintenance (see Egan and Mantzios, 2018 ; Mantzios and Egan, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEgan, H. H., Keyte, R., Nash, E. F., Barrett, J., Regan, A., & Mantzios, M. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00969-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The differential relationship observed with self-compassion also corresponds to other research and literature in the field of eating and weight regulation [37, 38].”
ResultSelf-citationHussain, M., Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-020-00181-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Literature has repeatedly identified how people find it easier to be kind to loved ones, but rather more difficult to express kindness towards oneself (Egan and Mantzios 2018; Mantzios and Wilson 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKalika, E., Egan, H. H., & Mantzios, M. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01407-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Recent studies have shown a clear link between self-compassion and mindful eating [54, 85], however, this was not replicated in the current study as mindful eating was not significantly related to self-compassion in this population.”
ResultSelf-citationKauser, S., Keyte, R., Regan, A., Nash, E. F., Fitch, G., Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-021-09831-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…been associated with better ability to cope with pain, increased well-being in later adulthood years, adaptive responses to illness, and increased engagement in health-promoting behaviours (Allen et al., 2012; Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Egan et al., 2019; Mantzios & Egan, 2017; Sirois et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPastore, O. L., & Fortier, M. (2023) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daad107 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Exploring the Role of Self-Kindness in Making Healthier Eating Choices: A Preliminary Study
Hussain, M., Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09942-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Whilst it is commonly believed that being kind to oneself is beneficial when trying to lose weight, the influence that self-kindness may have upon physiological health is not so straightforward [5, 6].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationHussain, M., Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., Strachan, R., Tahrani, A. A., & Mantzios, M. (2022) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060221094671 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…non-signi fi cant direct relationship with grazing when explored using mediation, this could potentially be attributed to the SCS not being speci fi c to health behaviours, and the items may prescribe different behaviour within the context of eating (see Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Mantzios & Egan, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMindfulness, Problem-solving Skills and Academic Achievement: Do Perceived Stress Levels Matter?
Dikmen, M. (2022) · Kuramsal Eğitimbilim · doi:10.30831/akukeg.945678 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kalika, E., Hussain, M., Egan, H. H., & Mantzios, M. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01542-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Egan and Mantzios [31] further explained that social aspects rather than actual food are derivative of individuals finding pleasure in eating, and it would be beneficial to see whether that trend also occurs in orthorexic populations when past research has indicated that they usually avoid social situations [15], Sfei…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationRizal, F., Egan, H. H., Cook, A., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2020) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2020.100792 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…to assume that identifying these psychological traits (i.e., mindfulness and self-compassion) as potentially enhancing mental health and resiliency may mediate further health behaviours (e.g., smoking, addiction and eating impulsively) (Egan, Mantzios, & Jackson, 2017; Egan & Mantzios, 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRegan, H., Jama, A., Mantzios, M., Keyte, R., & Egan, H. H. (2021) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883211016341 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“This construct derives from Buddhist practices, including concepts such as awareness, acceptance and selfcompassion (Mantzios and Egan (2017), and Egan and Mantzios (2018).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationMantzios, M., Koneva, A., & Egan, H. (2020) · Current Issues in Personality Psychology · doi:10.5114/cipp.2020.100791 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRizal, F., Egan, H. H., & Mantzios, M. (2021) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00904-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“An imbalance of workload, high nurse-patient ratios, and inadequate physical resources can negatively impact nurses’ ability to work and are detrimental to self-care practices at work [4, 28].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., Roy, R., Cavadino, A., & Serlachius, A. S. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10110-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The brief experience with the SC intervention could have triggered more instant acts of ‘selfkindness’ [45].”
BackgroundKnol, L. L., & Brantley, C. (2021) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2021.1902883 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In addition, when faced with stressful situations, individuals may be more willing to indulge and justify their decision.(14,16) Over time these “indulgences” or emotional eating episodes due to perceived stress can lead to physical health risks such as overconsumption and obesity as well as psychological health risks…”
BackgroundRethinking weight: Finding self‐compassion for ‘weight management’
Brenton-Peters, J., Vallis, M., Grant, S., Consedine, N. S., Kirk, S., Roy, R., & Serlachius, A. S. (2022) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12562 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Notably, being self-compassionate does not prevent or negate the experience of negative thoughts or emotions,(5) nor is being selfcompassionate seen to prevent behaviours such as the consumption of indulgent foods.(8) Instead, self-compassion interventions train people to stay present and gently cope with negative emo…”
BackgroundManku, R., Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., Hussain, M., & Mantzios, M. (2019) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2019.88057 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, H. M., Fong, L. H. N., Zhou, H., Chark, R., Fong, D. K. C., Hui, B. P. H., & Wu, A. M. S. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06659-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Previous research showed that people described some acts of being kind to oneself as indulging in their favorite foods, drinks, or entertainments, which may disinhibit them from adopting addictive behaviors (Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Mantzios & Egan, 2017).”
Kauser, S., Keyte, R., Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-022-09859-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Despite the vast amount of promising data, and propositions of health behaviour change (Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Hussain et al., 2020; Mantzios & Egan, 2017) there has been minimal research exploring the benefits of self-compassion in adult CF populations.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationEgan, H. H., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-022-10057-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“When self-regulation of eating is difficult and time-consuming, understanding and practising these elements may be helpful for both physical and psychological health [16, 22, 25, 36, 37, 47, 48].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationRegan, H., Keyte, R., Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02095-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationDisordered Eating in Emerging Adults: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Prevention
El-Jor, C., Hallez, Q., Filippone, L., Flaudias, V., & Shankland, R. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251318056 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…that has linked mindful eating behavior and self-compassion both theoretically and practically (Mantzios et al., 2015, 2018a, 2018b , 2019, 2020; Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Hussain et al., 2021; Hussein et al., 2017; Mantzios & Egan, 2017; Mantzios & Giannou, 2018; Mantzios & Wilson, 2014, 2015).”
Hussain, M., Keyte, R., Kalika, E., & Mantzios, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1545056 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationBrenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., Cavadino, A., Roy, R., & Serlachius, A. S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056174 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Daily-Level Self-Compassion and Coping-Motivated Drinking
Biehler, K. M., Jenzer, T., & Read, J. P. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02407-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In a recent qualitative study, drinkers in the sample described using alcohol as a “treat,” suggesting a miscon-strual of the word “self-kindness” when discussing behavior that was associated with eating, drinking, or exercise (Egan & Mantzios, 2018).”
Balancing Compassion and Self‐Care: Insights From Palliative Care Professionals and Volunteers
Castañer, M. E. C., Vidal, J. F. C., Hidalgo-Andrade, P., Montesdeoca, K. D. L., & Sierra, P. B. (2025) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/hsc/5874963 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Te concept of personal reward also surfaced as a mo-tivator for confdent choices and self-kindness [46].”
Self-Care of Mental Health Generation Z Ethnic Arek East Java
Yuniarta, D. V., Alfianto, A. G., & Kusbandiyah, J. (2023) · Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia · doi:10.58545/jkki.v3i1.87 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Regan, H., Keyte, R., Mantzios, M., & Egan, H. H. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00896-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…the linearity of relationships within gay and bisexual men, when compared with more traditional literature exploring general and other specific populations (Dutt et al., 2019; Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Hussein et al., 2017; Mantzios & Egan, 2017; Mantzios & Wilson, 2015; Rahimi-Ardabili et al., 2018).”
Self-citationSelf-Compassion, Health, and Eating Behavior Change
Mantzios, M., Hussain, M., & Giannou, K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0821-5_37-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAmbivalence towards food, healthy eating and the role of self‐compassion
Kuijer, R. G., & Tunley, M. K. (2025) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12806 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exploring self-compassion among men seeking weight loss: a thematic analysis
Papini, N. M., Squires, N. D., Jones, A. I., Mundell, L., Herrmann, S. D., & Lopez, N. V. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2025.2577285 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Qualitative and meta-analytic work indicate that while men tend to report higher SC than women (Yarnell et al., 2015), cultural and gender norms could influence how it is expressed (Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Heath et al., 2017).”
Kalika, E., Egan, H. H., & Mantzios, M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1110770/v1
“…to be a case worth exploring further whether self-compassion is useful for self-regulation of weight and disordered eating, where the potential of looking into aspects of self-kindness for body and mind unlock an element of holistic self-care, as seen in previous literature (Egan & Mantzios, 2018).”
ResultSelf-citationTolonen, I., Saarinen, A. I. L., Sebert, S. P., & Hintsanen, M. (2024) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133
“It has been found that individuals can misconstrue self-kindness as self-indulgence (Egan & Mantzios, 2018).”
Self-compassion and reasons individuals stop eating: An exploratory investigation
Hussain, M., Dunsmore, N., Ung, L., & Mantzios, M. (2024) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060241266387
“Previous research has found that self-compassion can encourage an individual to care for their body (Egan and Mantzios, 2018; Mantzios and Egan, 2017), as such, terminating eating when one has reached physical fullness can be viewed as an act of self-compassion (Hussain et al., 2021).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRegan, H., Mantzios, M., Keyte, R., & Egan, H. H. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2025.2485153
“Self-compassion has been shown to be negatively associated with problematic eating and body image-related issues in general and more specific populations (Egan & Mantzios, 2018; Egan et al., 2022; Homan & Tylka, 2015; Mantzios, Egan, Bahia, et al., 2018; Mantzios, Egan, Hussain, et al., 2018).”
Self-citationOhnstad, A., Vrabel, K. R., Danielsen, Y. S., Binder, P., & Dundas, I. (2026) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-026-01605-x
“Another common belief is that self-kindness may mean self-indulgence [33, 34].”
Ling, H., Chen, J. H., Yang, H. M., Zhang, G., Lau, J. T. F., & Wu, A. M. S. (2026) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/5521726
Stiles, B. J., Fraser, M. I., Gleeson, J., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., & Penn, D. L. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.07.023
- Authors
- Egan, H., & Mantzios, M.
- Affiliations
- Birmingham City University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Egan, Helen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-05-30
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 880-880
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5988882
- OpenAlex
- W2804856295
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- self-kindness, eating behaviour, body weight regulation, dieting, dietary restraint
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
