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Cited by 289Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychological Treatments and Assessments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Efficacy of Metacognitive Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Normann, Nicoline, Morina, Nexhmedin·2018·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02211PMC PMC6246690
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Abstract

Background Metacognitive therapy (MCT) continues to gain increased ground as a treatment for psychological complaints. During the last years, several clinical trials on the efficacy of MCT have been published. The aim of the current study was to provide an updated meta-analytic review of the effect of MCT for psychological complaints. Methods We conducted a systematic search of trials on MCT for young and adult patients with psychological complaints published until January 2018, using PsycINFO, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Trials with a minimum of 10 participants in the MCT condition were included. Results A total of 25 studies that examined a variety of psychological complaints met our inclusion criteria, of which 15 were randomized controlled trials. We identified only one trial that was conducted with children and adolescents. In trials with adult patients, large uncontrolled effect size estimates from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up suggest that MCT is effective at reducing symptoms of the targeted primary complaint, anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional metacognitions. The comparison with waitlist control conditions also resulted in a large effect (Hedges’ g = 2.06). The comparison of MCT to cognitive and behavioral interventions at posttreatment and at follow-up showed pooled effect sizes (Hedges’ g) of 0.69 and 0.37 at posttreatment (k = 8) and follow-up (k = 7), respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate that MCT is an effective treatment for a range of psychological complaints. To date, strongest evidence exists for anxiety and depression. Current results suggest that MCT may be superior to other psychotherapies, including cognitive behavioral interventions. However, more trials with larger number of participants are needed in order to draw firm conclusions.

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Figure 1 Flow diagram of study selection process.
Figure 1 Flow diagram of study selection process.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Forest plot of within-group effect size estimates for the efficacy of MCT on primary outcome measures from pre- to post-treatment. BDD, body dysmorphic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.
Figure 2 Forest plot of within-group effect size estimates for the efficacy of MCT on primary outcome measures from pre- to post-treatment. BDD, body dysmorphic disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 (A) Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes and forest plots for MCT compared to waitlist control conditions. (B) Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes and forest plots for MCT compared to active control conditions.
Figure 3 (A) Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes and forest plots for MCT compared to waitlist control conditions. (B) Pre- to post-treatment effect sizes and forest plots for MCT compared to active control conditions.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. 2000, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn., DSM-IV-TR).
  2. Cohen, 1988, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edn
  3. 1992, The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research

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Metadata

Authors
Normann, N., & Morina, N.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Normann, Nicoline
ORCID
Normann, Nicoline
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2018-11-14
Volume
9
Pages
2211-2211
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02211
PMC
PMC6246690
OpenAlex
W2900534208
Cited by
289
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 18
FWCI
2.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords
metacognitive therapy, psychological complaints, anxiety, depression, psychotherapy efficacy, cognitive behavioral therapy comparison, waitlist control, treatment effect size

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