Cited by 533COVID-19 and Mental HealthHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutOccupational Health and Burnout

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Open access

Giusti, Emanuele Maria, Pedroli, Elisa, D'Aniello, Guido E., Stramba Badiale, Chiara, Pietrabissa, Giada, Manna, Chiara, Stramba Badiale, Marco, Riva, Giuseppe, Castelnuovo, Gianluca, Molinari, Enrico·2020·Frontiers in Psychology

DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684PMC PMC7366071

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on health care systems, increasing the risks of psychological distress in health professionals. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of burnout and psychopathological conditions in health professionals working in a health institution in the Northern Italy, and to assess socio-demographic, work-related and psychological predictors of burnout. Methods: Health professionals working in the hospitals of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano were asked to participate to an online anonymous survey investigating socio-demographic data, COVID-19 emergency-related work and psychological factors, state anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms and burnout. Predictors of the three components of burnout were assessed using elastic net regression models. Results: 330 health professionals participated to the online survey. 235 health professionals (71.2) had scores of state anxiety above the clinical cutoff, 88 (26.8%) had clinical levels of depression, 103 (31.3%) of anxiety, 113 (34.3%) of stress, 121 (36.7%) of post-traumatic stress. Regarding burnout, 107 (35.7%) had moderate and 105 (31.9%) severe levels of emotional exhaustion; 46 (14.0%) had moderate and 40 (12.1%) severe levels of depersonalization; 132 (40.1%) had moderate and 113 (34.3%) severe levels of reduced personal accomplishment. Predictors of all the three components of burnout were work hours, psychological comorbidities, fear of infection and perceived support by friends. Predictors of both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were female gender, being a nurse, working in the hospital, being in contact with COVID-19 patients. Reduced personal accomplishment only was also predicted by age. Conclusions: Health professionals had high levels of burnout and psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 emergency. Monitoring and timely treatment of these conditions is needed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Regularization and Variable Selection Via the Elastic Net
Zou, H., & Hastie, T. (2005) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x · Cited by 20,957
Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent
Friedman, J., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v033.i01 · Cited by 19,927
The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Untitled work
(1996) · Consulting Psychologists Press eBooks · Cited by 7,863
A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern
Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9 · Cited by 7,700
The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample
Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x29657 · Cited by 5,801 · cited 1×
“Clinical levels of depression, anxiety and stress were detected identifying values above the 75 percentile based on normative data (Henry and Crawford, 2005).”
Method
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026 · Cited by 3,617
Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed
Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8 · Cited by 3,598
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
Weiss, D. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 · Cited by 3,074
Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa020 · Cited by 2,727 · cited 1×
“During pandemics, general population have been safeguarded with several precautionary measures including shutdown or slowdown in daily activities, social distancing, reductions in interactions between people, wearing face masks and have good ventilation to reduce the possibility of new infections (Tan et al., 2020b; W…”
Background

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Pedrabissi, 1989, Verifica della validità dello STAI forma Y di Spielberger. [Verification of the validity of the STAI, Form Y, by Spielberger.], Giunti Organ. Spec., 11
Sirigatti, 1988, Per un adattamento italiano del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) [Toward an Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)], Boll. di Psicol. Appl., 33
Spielberger, 1983, Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y1 – Y2)
WHO Characterizes COVID-19 as A Pandemic

Sorted by citations

Items 501–530 of 530

Evidências de Suporte Organizacional em hospitais no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão de escopo
Tito, R. S., Baptista, P. C. P., Lourenção, D. C. D. A., Rached, C. D. A., de Melo, J. P. T., da Silva, E. J., & Zogheib, C. M. T. (2024) · Revista gaúcha de enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20240008.pt · Cited by 1
Evidence of organizational support in hospitals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: scoping review
Tito, R. S., Baptista, P. C. P., Lourenção, D. C. D. A., Rached, C. D. A., de Melo, J. P. T., da Silva, E. J., & Zogheib, C. M. T. (2024) · Revista gaúcha de enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20240008.en
ISOLAMENTO, SAÚDE MENTAL, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE DOCENTES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Leite, T. S. C., MELO, F. A. D. A., Júnior, A. L. D. C., & Neto, G. R. (2025) · Fiep Bulletin - online · doi:10.16887/cmabfk78
Investigating Burnout and Depression in Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Saeedi, A., Pooladvand, V., Domari, A. A., Raesi, R., Oruei, S., Hushmandi, K., Daneshi, S., & Eskandari, M. (2025) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/0126667975334746250120095758
Balancing health and work: Fear predicts gig workers' goals and behaviors during COVID‐19
Fossen, J. A. V., Alanis, J. M., Marquez, S., & Tresidder, A. (2025) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.70014
Impacto psicológico de la pandemia por COVID-19 y burnout en profesionales de Oncología Médica, Hemato-Oncología y Oncología Radioterápica
Toader, I. D., Castells, E. F., Carpio, A., Valverde, A. G., Narváez, A., & Rodríguez, L. P.-A. (2025) · Psicooncología · doi:10.5209/psic.98057
Experience of Tunisian doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Management challenges and lessons learned
Kammoun, N., Kotti, N., Chaieb, I., Yousfi, I., Dhouib, F., Fehri, S., Hammami, K. J., Hajjaji, M., & Nouaïgui, H. (2025) · Work · doi:10.1177/10519815251341139
Sensitivity analysis of unsafe behaviors in the spinning and weaving factories: Exploring the association with burnout and resilience using Bayesian networks
Azimi, R., Sulaie, S. A., Yazdanirad, S., Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Cousins, R., & Kazemian, F. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326883
Unmasking the impact of nonreligiosity and nonspirituality on burnout: a study of health workers during the pandemic in Turkey
Uşkun, E., Doğan, E., Öztop, R., Aslan, C., Önal, Ö., & Kişioğlu, A. N. (2024) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2024.2446786
Grow Up Together! Lessons and Perspectives From an International Intervision Group Experience That Begun During COVID-19 Restrictions
Georgiadis, E. M., Bertollo, M., Biondi, S., Conti, C., Davis, H., Kauffeldt, B., Mitsiou, E., Panoulas, O., & Serventi, E. (2025) · Journal of Sport Psychology in Action · doi:10.1080/21520704.2025.2570208
Strategies for Self-Care and Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Survey of Social Workers in Palliative Care
Dobríková, P., Roulston, A., Valúchová, N., Wasner, M., & Anania, P. (2025) · Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/15524256.2025.2588585
Additional file 1 of Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative data
Schulze, S., Merz, S., Thier, A., Tallarek, M., König, F., Uhlenbrock, G., Nübling, M., Lincke, H.-J., Rapp, M. A., Spallek, J., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382075
Additional file 1 of Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study
Alrawashdeh, H. M., Al‐Tammemi, A. B., Alzawahreh, M. K., Al-Tamimi, A., Elkholy, M., Sarireh, F. A., Abusamak, M., Elehamer, N. M. K., Malkawi, A. M., Al-Dolat, W., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14498713
Additional file 4 of Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study
Alrawashdeh, H. M., Al‐Tammemi, A. B., Alzawahreh, M. K., Al-Tamimi, A., Elkholy, M., Sarireh, F. A., Abusamak, M., Elehamer, N. M. K., Malkawi, A. M., Al-Dolat, W., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14498722
Additional file 2 of Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study
Alrawashdeh, H. M., Al‐Tammemi, A. B., Alzawahreh, M. K., Al-Tamimi, A., Elkholy, M., Sarireh, F. A., Abusamak, M., Elehamer, N. M. K., Malkawi, A. M., Al-Dolat, W., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14498716
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of psychological distress, burnout and structural empowerment status of healthcare workers during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study
Taleb, S., Vahedian-Azimi, A., Karimi, L., Salim, S., Mohammad, F., Samhadaneh, D., Singh, K., Hussein, N.-R., & Ait Hssain, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26671035
Additional file 2 of Learning from a crisis: a qualitative study on how nurses reshaped their work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic
de Vos, A., de Kok, E., Maassen, S. M., Booy, M., & Weggelaar‐Jansen, A. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26402036
Additional file 3 of Occupational burnout and job satisfaction among physicians in times of COVID-19 crisis: a convergent parallel mixed-method study
Alrawashdeh, H. M., Al‐Tammemi, A. B., Alzawahreh, M. K., Al-Tamimi, A., Elkholy, M., Sarireh, F. A., Abusamak, M., Elehamer, N. M. K., Malkawi, A. M., Al-Dolat, W., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14498719
Additional file 1 of Learning from a crisis: a qualitative study on how nurses reshaped their work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic
de Vos, A., de Kok, E., Maassen, S. M., Booy, M., & Weggelaar‐Jansen, A. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26401963
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of psychological distress, burnout and structural empowerment status of healthcare workers during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study
Taleb, S., Vahedian-Azimi, A., Karimi, L., Salim, S., Mohammad, F., Samhadaneh, D., Singh, K., Hussein, N.-R., & Ait Hssain, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26671032
Additional file 1 of A multi-country survey on the impact of COVID-19 on dental practice and dentists’ feelings in Latin America
Moraes, R. R., Cuevas-Suárez, C. E., Otárola, W. G. E., Fernández, M. R., Dávila‐Sánchez, A., Grau‐Grullón, P., Fernández, E., López, T. M., Grazioli, G., Arana, L. A., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19424823
The role of social and organizational factors in healthcare worker stress during COVID-19: Implications for future crisis management
Elmastini, H., & Nabil, A. (2025) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202520001002
A study of somatic experiencing interventions ® for corona pandemic stress and anxiety in healthcare workers
Eryiğit, D., Aydoğdu, B. N., Sart, Z. H., Özcan, N. A., Inci, I. D., & Caylak, A. D. (2026) · Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/17432979.2025.2608062
La pandemia del Covid 19 y el impacto en la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios
Aranibar, A. S. C. R. (2024) · Innovamed · doi:10.65744/innovamed.v2i1.12
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Frontline Healthcare Professionals in Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study
Coulibaly, S. P., Touré, B., Traoré, A. A., Diallo, I., Dabo, G., Dara, A. E., Traoré, K., Maiga, B. H., Traoré, J., Koné, M., et al. (2026) · Open Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4236/ojpsych.2026.162006
Nurses Experiences and Coping Styles About Stigma During Covid-19: A Qualitative Study
Ertem, M. (2021) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERDE MESLEKTAŞ DAYANIŞMASI VE TÜKENMİŞLİK DURUMU
AYDIN, T., & Ağaçdiken, S. (2021) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Narrative Review on Long COVID and the Interplay between the Cardiovascular and Autonomic Systems, with a Focus on Dysautonomia and the Management Thereof
Padayachee, Y., Dani, M., & Lim, P. B. (2026) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-25-00052
Vaccines as a psychological shield: the role of vaccine acceptance in mitigating COVID-19 obsession, burnout, and death anxiety among medical personnel
Sansakorn, P., Mushtaque, I., & Awais‐E‐Yazdan, M. (2026) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-026-14338-z
Co-occurring health behaviors and mental health outcomes among a large, aging US population
Chiang, K. E., Rees‐Punia, E., Chantaprasopsuk, S., Patel, A. V., Bates‐Fraser, L. C., Shams‐White, M., Callands, T. A., Muilenburg, J. L., & Padilla, H. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1817690

Authors: Giusti, E. M., Pedroli, E., D'Aniello, G. E., Stramba Badiale, C., Pietrabissa, G., Manna, C., Stramba Badiale, M., Riva, G., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E.
Affiliations: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
Università degli Studi eCampus (IT)
Corresponding author: Giusti, Emanuele Maria
ORCID: Giusti, Emanuele Maria
Pedroli, Elisa
Pietrabissa, Giada
Manna, Chiara
Riva, Giuseppe
Castelnuovo, Gianluca
Molinari, Enrico
Venue: Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2020-07-10
Volume: 11
Pages: 1684-1684
ISSN: 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684
PMC: PMC7366071
OpenAlex: W3042146139
Cited by: 533
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 17
FWCI: 44.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
IRIS eCampus Telematic University (Università degli Studi eCampus) (submittedVersion)
PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, burnout, psychological distress, state anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduced personal accomplishment, fear of infection, perceived social support, nurses, predictors of burnout, Northern Italy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks