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Cited by 11Student Stress and CopingParental Involvement in EducationPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

The impact of secondary school students’ perceptions of parental academic involvement and academic stress on internalizing problem behaviors: the mediating roles of psychological resilience and materialism

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Xue, Li·2025·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1582493PMC PMC12284288
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Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to examine how perceived parental academic involvement and stress influence internalizing problem behaviors (i.e., depression and anxiety symptoms) among secondary school students in international schools, focusing on the mediating roles of psychological resilience and materialistic values. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 412 secondary school students (Mage = 16.28 years; 50.2% female) from international schools in Mainland China. Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing perceived parental academic involvement and stress, psychological resilience (CD-RISC-10), materialism (MVS), depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7). Hayes’ PROCESS macro 4.0 (Model 4) with bootstrapping (5,000 samples, 95% CI) was used to examine the parallel mediation effects. This population was selected due to the unique cultural and academic stressors faced by international school students, such as cross-cultural adjustment and elevated academic demands. Results and discussion: Perceived parental academic involvement negatively predicted internalizing problem behaviors, while perceived parental academic stress was positively associated with them. Psychological resilience and materialism both significantly mediated the relationship between parental academic stress and internalizing symptoms. However, only psychological resilience—not materialism—mediated the effect of parental academic involvement. Moreover, perceived parental involvement did not significantly predict adolescent materialism. The findings suggest that fostering psychological resilience and addressing materialistic values may help buffer the negative impact of academic stress on adolescents’ mental health. While the results provide valuable insights into the emotional adjustment of international school students, caution is advised in generalizing the findings to other student populations.

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  • Proximal processes (the nature of parental involvement and the quality of school climate) are more influential than distal socioeconomic markers.

    “This is consistent with the evidence that proximal process—the nature of parental involvement and the quality of school climate are more influential than the distal socioeconomic markers.”

    From Academic stress in adolescents: findings from a school-based study in Belagavi district (2025) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Results (Analysis of mediation effects; page unavailable) report that parental involvement predicted fewer internalizing problems after controlling for subjective socioeconomic status. The paper does not assess the quality of school climate or establish that parental involvement and school climate are more influential than socioeconomic markers. Its finding supports only the parental-involvement portion of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • Supportive, autonomy-enhancing parental involvement reduces internalizing symptoms, whereas parental pressure and psychological control heighten stress, with the latter often exerting a stronger negative effect than the protective influence of involvement.

    “Supportive, autonomy–enhancing parental involvement has been shown to reduce internalizing symptoms, whereas parental pressure and psychological control tend to heighten stress, with the latter often exerting a stronger negative effect than the protective influence of involvement (24).”

    From Academic stress in adolescents: findings from a school-based study in Belagavi district (2025) · cites this paper as [24]

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Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. Aysel, 2019, Perceived academic stress and psychological resilience among adolescents, J. Adolesc., 72, 1
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  5. Córdova, 2023, Academic competition and internalizing behaviors among high school students, J. Sch. Psychol., 61, 78
  6. Dan, 2021, The relationship between psychological stressors and stress experience of college students in Tibet: the mediating and regulating effects of psychological capital, J. Tibet Univ., 36, 229, 10.16249/j.cnki.1005-5738.2021.03.030 · DOI
  7. Hu, 2012, Preliminary development of a scale measuring subjective socioeconomic status among middle school students, Chin. J. Clin. Psych., 20, 155, 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2012.02.005 · DOI
  8. Kaynak, 2021, Perceived parental academic stress scale manual
  9. Lee, 2024, Parental academic pressure and emotional maladjustment in East Asian adolescents, J. Cross Cult. Psychol., 24, 106
  10. Li, 2018, The impact of parental educational expectations on academic burnout in students: The mediation of parental involvement and the moderation of family function, Psychol. Dev. Educ., 34, 489, 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2018.04.12 · DOI
  11. Liu, 2024, Parental pressure and adolescent depressive symptoms in high-achieving schools, J. Child Fam. Stud., 33, 789
  12. Masten, 2002, Resilience in development, 74
  13. Sun, 2020, Luxury goods in the eyes of materialists: Symbols or functionality?, Psychol. Sci., 43, 1398, 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20200617 · DOI
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  15. Zhang, 2024, Coping style mediates the effect of school pressure on depression symptoms, J. Youth Adolesc., 53, 45
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Authors
Xue, L.
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2025-07-09
Volume
16
Pages
1582493-1582493
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1582493
PMC
PMC12284288
OpenAlex
W4412161129
Semantic Scholar
6081a516db47792bf63a3c8155a6a28f3dc1f7ec
Cited by
11
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 3
FWCI
12.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
  • Social Sciences › Education › Parental Involvement in Education
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords
internalizing problems, adolescent depression, adolescent anxiety, psychological resilience, materialism, international school students, cross-cultural adaptation (acculturation), academic stress, adolescent mental health

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