Research on Psychache in Suicidal Population: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Papers Published During 1994–2020
Open accessAbstract
Background: Psychache is a negative introspective experience, which is positively associated with the risk of suicide, independently of depression. It is undeniable that psychache is an important influencing factor to trigger suicide, which can also mediate the effect between depression and suicide variables. Nevertheless, the research tendency and current hotspots on psychache of suicide population have not been systematically investigated based on bibliometric analysis. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the research status, hotspots, and frontiers of psychological pain in the field of suicidology, so as to provide reference for domestic clinical research. Methods: The literature related to psychache in suicide individuals published from 1994 to 2020 was included and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database on May 28, 2021. CiteSpace (version 5.7.R2) software was used to visualize and analyze highly cited journals, authors, and articles as well as co-occurrence analysis for countries, institution, authors, and keywords. Results: A total of 230 articles from the WoS database were included. The number of papers over the years showed an overall upward trend. The United States has made the largest contribution, with the majority of publications (89, 38.70%), followed by Canada (48, 20.87%), Israel (31, 13.48%), China (20, 8.80%), and Portugal (17, 7.39%). The most productive institution was Queen's University. Edwin S. Shneidman has the largest achievement and profound influence, and the most prolific author is Ronald R. Holden. However, the cooperation between institutions and authors was comparatively weak. The current hotspots in this field focus on the studies on the relationships between depression, despair, psychache, and suicide, the risk assessments of psychological pain, and the development of psychological pain scales. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior was the most frequently cited journal in this field. Conclusions: This analysis not only reveals the current research trend and hotspots but also provides some instructive suggestions on the development of psychache in the suicidology. Future work should pay more attention to develop effective psychological pain intervention programs for diverse suicide population. Additionally, longitudinal study can also be conducted to grasp the trajectory changes of psychological pain among suicide individuals.
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Psychological pain domains-states and traits-are clinically relevant and modifiable through psychotherapeutic intervention.
“domains—states and traits—are clinically relevant and modifiable through psychotherapeutic intervention, underscoring the centrality of psychological pain in suicide risk and the need for targeted interventions aimed at broadening emotional and behavioural coping repertoires.”
From Targeting Psychological Pain After a Suicide Attempt: Scoping Review and Intervention Protocol (2026) · cites this paper as [55]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes psychological pain as multidimensional and associated with suicide risk, supporting its clinical relevance. The Discussion (page unavailable) says well-being therapy and expressive writing are considered able to alleviate painful experience, but notes limited intervention evidence and an unsatisfactory long-term result from a small cognitive-therapy trial. It does not establish distinct state and trait domains or show that both are modifiable through psychotherapy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrior reviews indicate the relevance of cognitive-behavioural and mindfulness-based strategies for psychological pain and identify psychological pain as both a state and trait phenomenon.
“Overall, prior reviews [53,54,55,56,57] indicate the relevance of cognitive-behavioural and mindfulness-based strategies and identify psychological pain as both a state and trait phenomenon, supporting psychological pain as a meaningful intervention target.”
From Targeting Psychological Pain After a Suicide Attempt: Scoping Review and Intervention Protocol (2026) · cites this paper as [55]
The Discussion (page not available in our copy) treats psychache as an intervention target and reports a small trial of psychological pain theory-based cognitive therapy, while noting an unsatisfactory long-term effect. It does not identify mindfulness-based strategies or characterize psychological pain as both a state and a trait. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Cheng, Y., Zhao, W.-W., Chen, S.-Y., & Zhang, Y.-H.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Brain Hospital (CN)
- ORCID
- Cheng, Yin
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-08-26
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 727663-727663
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8426636
- OpenAlex
- W3196864234
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Keywords
- emotional pain, suicidal individuals, suicide, depression, despair, suicide risk assessment, suicidology, research trends
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