The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global prevalence and characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury between 2010 and 2021 among a non-clinical sample of adolescents: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Adolescents with immature mind and unstable emotional control are high-risk groups of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior. We meta-analyzed the global prevalence of NSSI and prevalence of NSSI characteristics in a non-clinical sample of adolescents between 2010 and 2021. Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles published from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2021 was performed within the scholarly database search engines of CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Eligibility criteria were as follows: provided cross-sectional data on the prevalence of NSSI; the subjects were non-clinical sample adolescents; and a clear definition of NSSI was reported. We used the following definiton of NSSI as our standard: the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue, such as cutting, burning, and biting, without attempted suicide. The quality evaluation tool for cross-sectional studies recommended by the JBI was used. The global prevalence of NSSI was calculated based on the random-effects model by Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 3.0. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare the prevalence according to sex, living place, smoking or drinking history, and family structure. Results: Sixty-two studies involving 264,638 adolescents were included. The aggregate prevalence of NSSI among a non-clinical sample of adolescents was similar between over a lifetime (22.0%, 95% CI 17.9–26.6) and during a 12-month period (23.2%, 95% CI 20.2–26.5). Repetitive NSSI was more common than episodic NSSI (20.3% vs. 8.3%) but the frequency of mild injury (12.6%) was similar to that of moderate injury (11.6%). Multiple-method NSSI occurred slightly more often compared than one-method NSSI (16.0% vs. 11.1%). The top three types of NSSI in adolescents were banging/hitting (12.0%, 95% CI 8.9–15.9), pinching (10.0%, 95% CI 6.7–14.8), and pulling hair (9.8%, 95% CI 8.3–11.5), and the least common type was swallowing drugs/toxic substances/chemicals (1.0%, 95% CI 0.5–2.2). Subgroup analyses showed that being female, smoking, drinking, having siblings, and belonging to a single-parent family may be linked to higher prevalence of NSSI. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found a high prevalence of NSSI in non-clinical sample of adolescents, but there are some changes in severity, methods, and reasons. Based on the current evidence, adolescents in modern society are more inclined to implement NSSI behavior by a variety of ways, which usually are repetitive, and moderate and severe injuries are gradually increasing. It is also worth noting that adolescents with siblings or in single-parent families are relatively more likely to implement NSSI behavior due to maladjustment to the new family model. Future research needs to continue to elucidate the features and risk factors of NSSI so as to intervene in a targeted way. Limitation: The limitation of this study is that the heterogeneity among the included studies is not low, and it is mainly related to Chinese and English studies. The results of this study should be used with caution. Systematic review registration: [ www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ], identifier [CRD42022283217].
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Self-harm (without suicide intent) in adolescence is also a widespread issue, with the prevalence rate of repetitive self-harm being around 20% (Xiao et al., 2022).”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2022
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They found a higher prevalence of self-harm in adolescents with a smoking history (24.7%) versus non-smoking adolescents (10.1%), as well as a higher prevalence of self-harm in adolescents with a history of alcohol consumption (24.4%) versus non-drink adolescents (9.3%) (Table 3).”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The most reported risk factor for self-harm was gender; Gillies et al. (2018), Xiao et al. (2022), and Wang et al. (2022), all identified that the risk of self-harm was more prevalent in female youth compared to male youth.”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In a review of 43 studies with 107,285 male and 102,473 female participants, Xiao et al. (2022) found a 25.4% NSSI prevalence for female adolescents compared to a 22% prevalence for males.”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They found a higher prevalence of self-harm in adolescents with a smoking history (24.7%) versus non-smoking adolescents (10.1%), as well as a higher prevalence of self-harm in adolescents with a history of alcohol consumption (24.4%) versus non-drink adolescents (9.3%) (Table 3).”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They reported that self-harm was more prevalent in adolescents from families with multiple children (27%) than families with one child (25.8%), and self-harm was higher in adolescents from single-parent families (30%) than those from two-parent families.”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“They reported that self-harm was more prevalent in adolescents from families with multiple children (27%) than families with one child (25.8%), and self-harm was higher in adolescents from single-parent families (30%) than those from two-parent families.”
From Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2022)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Munn, Z., Moola, S., Lisy, K., Riitano, D., & Tufanaru, C. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000054 · Cited by 3,131
Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12070 · Cited by 1,624
International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Claes, L., Havertape, L., & Plener, P. L. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-10 · Cited by 1,296
Lim, K.-S., Wong, C. H. J., McIntyre, R. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Tran, B. X., Tan, W., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16224581 · Cited by 650
Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media
Wang, J., Jin, P. K., Bishop, P. L., & Li, F. (2011) · Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z · Cited by 621
Brunner, R. M., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Resch, F., Apter, A. S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12166 · Cited by 482
O’Brien (2019) · doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1423-5 · Cited by 463
Zetterqvist, M., Lundh, L., Dahlström, Ö., & Svedin, C. G. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9712-5 · Cited by 450
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Jiang, 2018, Risk factors and cumulative effect of non-suicidal self injury behavior of rural senior high school students in Wuyuan., Chin J Sch Health., 39, 1876, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.12.033 · DOI
- Cui, 2018, Status and influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury behaviors of middle school students in Shenzhen., South China J Prev Med., 44, 416, 10.13217/j.scjpm.2018.0416 · DOI
- Cao, 2019, Study on the prevalence and risk factors of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in Shenzhen., Sichuan Mental Health., 32, 449, 10.11886/j.issn.1007-3256.2019.05.014 · DOI
- Chen, 2019, Relationships of bullying victimization and emotional behaviors to non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students., J Nanchang Univ., 59, 71
- Chen, 2019, Associations of neglect and physical abuse with non-suicidal self-injury behaviors among adolescents in rural China., Chin J Sch Health., 40, 984, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.007 · DOI
- Ma, 2019, Association of non-suicidal self-injury with Internet addictive behavior among adolescents., Chin J Sch Health., 40, 972, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.004 · DOI
- Xu, 2019, Associations of non-suicidal self-injury with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among middle school students., Chin Mental Health J., 33, 774, 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2019.10.010 · DOI
- Zhang, 2019, The impact of parental psychological control on non-suicidal self-injury: the role of campus bullying as a mediator., Chin J Dis Control Prev., 23, 459, 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.04.018 · DOI
- Hu, 2020, The influence of negative coping and maternal-child attachment on non-suicidal self-injury and their interaction among middle school students., Modern Prevent Med., 47, 2351
- Hu, 2020, The status and influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in Anhui Province., Chin J Dis Control Prev., 24, 923, 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.08.012 · DOI
- Jiang, 2020, Associations between childhood abuse experience parent-child relationship and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students., Chin J Sch Health., 41, 987, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.008 · DOI
- Mao, 2020, Relationship between parenting styles and non-suicidal self-injury in senior students: the moderating role of gender., J Shandong Univ., 58, 100, 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2019.1012 · DOI
- Pang, 2020, Status of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in Zhuang nationality and its association with internet addiction., Chin J Sch Health., 41, 732, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.05.026 · DOI
- Wang, 2020, Associations of health literacy and screen time with non-suicidal self-injury behavior among middle school students in Shenyang., Chin J Sch Health., 41, 205, 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.02.012 · DOI
- Zhou, 2020, Mediating role of help-seeking behaviorin relationship between being bullied and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school student., J Nanchang Univ., 60, 60, 10.13764/j.cnki.ncdm.2020.06.014 · DOI
- Sun, 2021, Analysis of risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students., J Clin Psychosom Dis., 27, 83, 10.3969/j.issn.1672-187X.2021.01.020 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Richardson, R., Connell, T., Foster, M., Blamires, J., Keshoor, S., Moir, C., & Zeng, I. S. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-01969-w · Cited by 105
“The most reported risk factor for self-harm was gender; Gillies et al. (2018), Xiao et al. (2022), and Wang et al. (2022), all identi fi ed that the risk of self-harm was more prevalent in female youth compared to male youth.”
BackgroundInfluentialCalvo, N., Lugo-Marín, J., Oriol, M., Pérez-Galbarro, C., Restoy, D., Ramos-Quiroga, J.-A., & Ferrer, M. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107048 · Cited by 72
Misiak, B., Szewczuk-Bogusławska, M., Samochowiec, J., Moustafa, A. A., & Gawęda, Ł. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.044 · Cited by 40
Xiao, Q., Song, X., Huang, L., Hou, D., & Huang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1140597 · Cited by 38
Self-citationWu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., & Huang, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434958 · Cited by 32
Kirkpatrick, R. H., Breton, É., Biorac, A., Munoz, D. P., & Booij, L. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24088 · Cited by 33
Measurement and stratification of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents
Aspeqvist, E., Andersson, H., Korhonen, L., Dahlström, Ö., & Zetterqvist, M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05535-3 · Cited by 28
Emotion dysregulation, bullying, and suicide behaviors in adolescents
Kennedy, A., & Brausch, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100715 · Cited by 37
Virtues as protective factors for adolescent mental health
McLoughlin, S., & Kristjansson, K. R. (2024) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13004 · Cited by 34
Wang, L., Zou, H., Liu, J., & Hong, J. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01508-x · Cited by 22
Wang, L.-J.-Z., Lan, Y., Liu, S.-J., & Yan, W.-S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05021-2 · Cited by 21
Wang, Y., Zhou, Y. H., Li, G., Qin, P., Wang, J., Qi, L., Li, L., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Li, J., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115476 · Cited by 22
Morales-Arjona, I., Benítez‐Hidalgo, V., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Callejón, C. H., & Pastor‐Moreno, G. (2024) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0097 · Cited by 22
Weng, X., Tang, R., Chen, L., Weng, X., Wang, D., Wu, Z., Yu, L., Fang, X., & Zhang, C. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01746-z · Cited by 20
Emotional dysregulation and its pathways to suicidality in a community-based sample of adolescents
Mittermeier, S., Seidel, A., Scheiner, C., Kleindienst, N., Romanos, M., & Buerger, A. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00699-4 · Cited by 20
Baetens, I., Hove, L. V., Azadfar, Z., Heel, M. V., & Soyez, V. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13071852 · Cited by 26
Buelens, T., Luyckx, K., Bogaerts, A., Raymaekers, K., & Claes, L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.134 · Cited by 15
Pain tolerance as a ‘barrier’ to nonsuicidal self-injury: A longitudinal study
Boyne, H., & Hamza, C. A. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115925 · Cited by 15
Etherson, M. E., Lee, S., Loney, K. J., Steward, I. P., Ward, J., McClelland, H., Kandola, A. A., Mendes, J. A. D. A., Hollis, C. P., Townsend, E., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326381 · Cited by 15
Wolff, B., Franco, V. R., Magiati, I., Pestell, C., & Glasson, E. J. (2023) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104566 · Cited by 15
Adolescent Digital Self-Harm Over Time: Prevalence and Perspectives
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2024) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2024.2349566 · Cited by 17
Wang, Y., Lin, J., Zhu, Z., Chen, S., Zou, X., Wang, Y., Huo, L., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.031 · Cited by 16
Shen, G., Li, C., Ruan, Q.-N., Su, X., & Yan, W. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00832-x · Cited by 17
Wang, Y., Wang, T., Wang, J.-S., Zeng, L.-Y., Li, G.-H., Li, J.-C., Zhou, Y.-J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3506 · Cited by 14
Chang, S. S. H., Vaingankar, J. A., Tan, B. C. W., Tan, Y. W. B., Samari, E., Archana, S., Chua, Y. C., Lee, Y. P., Tang, C. Y. Z., Verma, S. K., et al. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00885-6 · Cited by 21
Effects of BPD tendencies and subjective well-being on NSSI in adolescents with PTSD
Deng, W., Yan, S. W., Xu, Y., Lu, Z., Liu, L., Yang, Z., & Chen, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1152352 · Cited by 13
Lu, Z., Chen, M., Yan, S., Deng, W., Wu, T., Liu, L., & Yang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1187800 · Cited by 13
He, X., Yu, Q., Peng, J., Yu, J., Wu, T., Qin, Y., Wang, S., Dong, T., Liao, Y., Hu, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1408508 · Cited by 12
Pan, B., Gong, Y., Guo, M., Wang, X.-H. F., Lu, H., Zheng, L., & Zhang, B. (2024) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s498951 · Cited by 14
Non-suicidal self-injury: proposal to shift designation from disorder to a clinical specifier
Lengel, G. J., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Zetterqvist, M., Ammerman, B. A., Brausch, A. M., & Washburn, J. J. (2025) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(25)00169-5 · Cited by 11
Colet, I. E., Casadó‐Marín, L., Orós‐Navas, L., & Torner, R. D. R. (2025) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.70039 · Cited by 11
Jørgensen, M. S., Sharp, C., Bo, S., Møhl, B., Kongerslev, M., Møller, L., Vestergaard, M. D., Storebø, O. J., Poulsen, S., Beck, E., et al. (2024) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-024-00272-1 · Cited by 16
Mitchell, K. J., Banyard, V. L., & Colburn, D. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22071013 · Cited by 11
Kruzan, K. P., Biernesser, C. L., Hoffmann, J. A., & Meyerhoff, J. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-024-00318-9 · Cited by 12
Cavelti, M., Ruppen, N. A., Sele, S., Moessner, M., Bauer, S., Becker, K., Krämer, J., Eschenbeck, H., Rummel‐Kluge, C., Thomasius, R., et al. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02568-7 · Cited by 21
Brausch, A. M., Kalgren, T., & Howd, C. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01269-8 · Cited by 10
Jiang, Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, H., He, W., Xu, P., & Ai, H. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106107 · Cited by 10
Qin, Y., Chen, H.-Y., Liu, F., Zou, T.-X., Jin, K., Teng, Z.-W., Liu, J.-Y., Yuan, H., Yang, J., Huang, C., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03183-x · Cited by 12
Qian, X., Zhang, Y., & Huang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1253321 · Cited by 9
Self-citationLin, L., Liu, Y., Qiu, S., Yang, Y., Yang, Y., Tian, M., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Bai, X., & Xu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.117 · Cited by 11
Gong, X., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605231197747 · Cited by 11
Qin, Q., Yang, G., Li, Y., Wu, W., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Kong, X., Zhang, W., & Zou, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1308186 · Cited by 9
Liu, P., Liu, J., Li, Y., & Lu, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408396 · Cited by 9
Menderes, A. S. Y., & Çuhadaroğlu, F. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12422 · Cited by 11
Jia, J., Du, X., Duan, T., Ye, Z., Hu, J., Lu, T., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., Yu, X., & Ren, Z. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725102134 · Cited by 11
Guo, J., Wang, C., & You, J. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01900-9 · Cited by 8
Aspeqvist, E., Münger, A.-C., Andersson, H., Korhonen, L., Baetens, I., Dahlström, Ö., & Zetterqvist, M. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20832-y · Cited by 8
Zheng, Q., Chen, X.-C., Deng, Y.-J., Ji, Y.-J., Liu, Q., Zhang, C.-Y., Zhang, T., & Li, L. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i2.101595 · Cited by 8
Liao, X.-L., Liu, X.-N., & Ni, J. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087346 · Cited by 8
Eisenman, S. R., Jackson, I. V., Hudson, L. D., & Vázquez‐Vázquez, A. (2025) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.01.016 · Cited by 8
Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Bangladesh: A Narrative Review
Arafat, S. M. Y., Mali, B., & Mazumder, A. H. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70790 · Cited by 8
Ban, X., Liu, Z., Shen, J. J., Wu, W., Zhang, Q., Li, R., Hu, J., Zhang, J., Zhou, F., Chao, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.05.019 · Cited by 8
Kim, N., Young, C. C., Kim, B. R., Rew, L., & Westers, N. J. (2025) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.04.015 · Cited by 8
Song, Y. W., Kim, S., Lee, H.-A., Shim, S.-H., & Kim, J. S. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111538 · Cited by 8
Carvalho, C. B., Teixeira, M., Costa, R., Cordeiro, F., & Cabral, J. M. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01777-8 · Cited by 9
Lee, C.-H. J., Ortiz, J. M. H., Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R. T. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.086 · Cited by 8
Qin, K.-N., & Gan, X. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107662 · Cited by 7
Sanz-Sendra, X. S., Mora-Ascó, J. J., de Tejada, B. G.-H., Marco, J. H., & Rodríguez, S. P. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70003 · Cited by 9
Calvete, E., Ayala, A., Jiménez‐Granado, A., & Orue, I. (2025) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70045 · Cited by 10
He, J., Chen, Z., Shen, Y., Tian, Y., Li, Y., & Ou, J. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2542045 · Cited by 7
Ma, L., Zhou, D., Zhao, L., Hu, J., Peng, X., Jiang, Z., He, X., Wang, W., Hong, S., & Kuang, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1165210 · Cited by 7
Li, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., Xiao, Y., Li, C., Chen, J., Li, Y., Luo, L., Su, D., Jia, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1183916 · Cited by 7
Qin, Y., Wu, D., Liu, J., Peng, J., & Li, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237436 · Cited by 7
Luca, L. D., Nocentini, A., Tassi, F., & Menesini, E. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.058 · Cited by 8
Zhou, L., Ye, Y., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Sheng, J., Zhang, X.-F., Deng, X., & Ran, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1446727 · Cited by 9
Lutz, N. M., Chamberlain, S. R., Grant, J. E., Löchner, C., Wilkinson, P. O., Ford, T. J., & Neufeld, S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.224 · Cited by 12
Non-suicidal self-injury and its risk factors among Iranian high school and university students
Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, A., Khodadoust, B., Adham, D., Gholami, A., Farokhi, R., Maghsodlou-Nejad, V., & Afrashteh, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425411 · Cited by 8
Song, X., Huang, L., Hou, D., Ran, M., Huang, X., & Xiao, Q. (2022) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-22-588 · Cited by 7
Self-citationPsychosocial Adjustment During Adolescence: The Role of Individual Differences
Favini, A., Lunetti, C., Tommaselli, M. C., & Quarto, T. (2025) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia5040166 · Cited by 11
Paladini, G., Sciurpa, E., Onorati, R., Elhadidy, H. S. M. A., Giacomini, G., Mamo, C., & Borraccino, A. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1606370 · Cited by 6
Prevalence and risk factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior
Дмитриевич, Е. В., Bokhan, N. A., Исаевна, М. А., & Kadochnikova, S. V. (2024) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202412402113 · Cited by 6
Neural correlates of reward valuation in individuals with nonsuicidal self-injury under uncertainty
Lee, J. O., Moon, H., Zoh, S.-M., Jo, E., & Hur, J. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001363 · Cited by 7
Rossi, R., Jannini, T. B., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., Rossi, A., & Lorenzo, G. D. (2025) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2023-101277 · Cited by 7
Guo, J., Shi, L., Xiao, J., He, L., Zeng, S., & Gong, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02837-3 · Cited by 8
Wang, B., Chen, L., Hu, C., Hu, Z., Zhang, W., Cheng, F., & Liu, L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07042-5 · Cited by 11
Interconnectivity among different nonsuicidal self-injurious methods – a network analysis
Reinhardt, M., Rice, K. G., Cho, H., & Horváth, Z. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07045-2 · Cited by 6
Wang, M., Zuo, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, R., Lu, Q., & Wang, B. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70094 · Cited by 6
Yang, Y., & Ma, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251370514 · Cited by 6
Shan, D., Wang, Y., Tousey-Pfarrer, M., Guo, C., Wan, M., Wang, P., Dai, Z., Ge, F., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00685-w · Cited by 6
Collings, S. J., & Valjee, S. R. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21091221 · Cited by 8
Barca, L., Maisto, D., & Pezzulo, G. (2023) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niad025 · Cited by 10
Kim, K., Woo, S., Kim, S. H., Roh, S., & Kim, S. (2024) · Yonsei medical journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2023.0129 · Cited by 5
Huang, L., Hou, D., Xiao, Q., & Huang, X. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20240301-01 · Cited by 8
Self-citationArqueros, M., Pérez-Díez, I., García-Ramos, A., Ayad‐Ahmed, W., Sánchez, A., & de la Torre‐Luque, A. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02712-x · Cited by 8
Chung, H.-U., Kim, G., Kim, D.-I., & Hur, J. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152610 · Cited by 6
Luo, B.-H., Nong, F., Qi, B., Liu, X., He, Y., & Zheng, H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119945 · Cited by 7
Mehmood, A., Xu, S., Siddiqi, S. M., Zhang, L., Huang, G., Liang, Z., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70147 · Cited by 5
Tan, J., & Zhang, L. F. (2026) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap48183 · Cited by 6
A bibliometric analysis and visualization of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents
Luo, J., Yang, X., Li, H., Fan, L., Chen, X., Li, J., & Song, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1457191 · Cited by 5
Lynch, S., Begley, A., McDonnell, T., Leahy, D., Gavin, B. E., & McNicholas, F. (2024) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2024.27 · Cited by 5
Yuan, G. F., Zhong, S., Liu, C., Liu, J., & Yu, J. (2025) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2025.01.003 · Cited by 5
Qu, D., Lin, J., Wu, Z., Cai, T., Yan, J., Aku, Y., Liu, C., Zu, Y., Xi, Y., Chen, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119451 · Cited by 5
Schmeckenbecher, J., Philipp, A. C., Emilian, C. A., Zimmermann, C., & Kapusta, N. D. (2023) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2023.2277818 · Cited by 5
Banyard, V. L., Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., DUNSIGER, S. I., & Ybarra, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241303954 · Cited by 6
Borderline Personality Symptoms, Body Modification, and Emotional Regulation
Avon, V., Gullo, N. A., & Walker, D. C. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22010089 · Cited by 4
Riva, A., Panarella, C., Arienti, G., Guardo, S. D., Brasola, E., Nacinovich, R., & Cavanna, A. E. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70134 · Cited by 4
Xu, S., Bai, R., Xue, D., & Liu, X. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s530888 · Cited by 5
Кибитов, А. А., Потанин, С. С., Borodin, V., & Ma, M. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2025125101128 · Cited by 4
Liang, Y., Gao, Y., Tian, M., Chen, X., & Liu, X. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02923-2 · Cited by 4
Risk and protective factors for nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents: a latent profile analysis
He, Y., Kong, Y., Ji, T., Tao, R., Liu, G., & Yuan, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1713461 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Xiao, Q., Song, X., Huang, L., Hou, D., & Huang, X.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Xuehua
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-08-10
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 912441-912441
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9399519
- OpenAlex
- W4290989029
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 90 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 9.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (2021YFS0151)
- Health Commission of Sichuan Province
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- non-suicidal self-injury, adolescents, prevalence, non-clinical sample, injury severity, sex differences, family structure, living place, emotion regulation, impulsivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
