The Use of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Assessing Functional Change in Treatment Outcome Monitoring of Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that is characterized not only by symptomatic severity but also by high levels of functional impairment. An evaluation of clinical outcome in treatment of schizophrenia should therefore target not only assessing symptom change but also alterations in functioning. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an agreement between functional- and symptom-based outcomes in a clinical sample of admissions with chronic forms of schizophrenia. METHODS: = 205) was clinically rated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) as measures of functioning at the time of admission and discharge. The sample was stratified twofold: first, according to the degree of PANSS symptom improvement during treatment with the sample being divided into three treatment response groups: non-response, low response, and high response. Second, achievement of remission was defined using the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria based on selected PANSS symptoms. Repeated measures analyses were used to compare the change of HoNOS scores over time across groups. RESULTS: More than a half of all admissions achieved a symptom reduction of at least 20% during treatment and around one quarter achieved remission at discharge. Similarly, HoNOS scores improved significantly between admission and discharge. Interaction analyses indicated higher functional improvements to be associated with increasing levels of treatment response. CONCLUSION: Functional improvement in individuals treated for schizophrenia was linked to a better clinical outcome, which implies a functional association. Thus, improvement of functioning represents an important therapeutic target in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Publication bias was visually and statistically evaluated using funnel plots and the Egger test.
“We also visually and statistically evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and the Egger test [28].”
From Effectiveness and Minimum Effective Dose of App-Based Mobile Health Interventions for Anxiety and Depression Symptom Reduction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [28]
The Statistical Analyses section (page unavailable) describes comparisons of PANSS and HoNOS scores using chi-square tests and ANOVA. Searches for funnel plots, publication bias, and the Egger test found no passage addressing those methods, so this copy does not substantiate the citation. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Egger, S. T., Vetter, S., Weniger, G., Vandeleur, C., Seifritz, E., & Müller, M.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Egger, Stephan T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-10-13
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 220-220
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5062760
- OpenAlex
- W2529953054
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- chronic schizophrenia, functional outcome, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales, PANSS, treatment response, remission, functional disability, symptom change, inpatient care, outcome monitoring
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