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The intense world syndrome-an alternative hypothesis for autism
Open accessAbstract
Autism is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with a polygenetic predisposition that seems to be triggered by multiple environmental factors during embryonic and/or early postnatal life. While significant advances have been made in identifying the neuronal structures and cells affected, a unifying theory that could explain the manifold autistic symptoms has still not emerged. Based on recent synaptic, cellular, molecular, microcircuit, and behavioral results obtained with the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism, we propose here a unifying hypothesis where the core pathology of the autistic brain is hyper-reactivity and hyper-plasticity of local neuronal circuits. Such excessive neuronal processing in circumscribed circuits is suggested to lead to hyper-perception, hyper-attention, and hyper-memory, which may lie at the heart of most autistic symptoms. In this view, the autistic spectrum are disorders of hyper-functionality, which turns debilitating, as opposed to disorders of hypo-functionality, as is often assumed. We discuss how excessive neuronal processing may render the world painfully intense when the neocortex is affected and even aversive when the amygdala is affected, leading to social and environmental withdrawal. Excessive neuronal learning is also hypothesized to rapidly lock down the individual into a small repertoire of secure behavioral routines that are obsessively repeated. We further discuss the key autistic neuropathologies and several of the main theories of autism and re-interpret them in the light of the hypothesized Intense World Syndrome.
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“This neurobiologically-informed theory proposes that there is excessive functioning of neural circuits, such that the neural circuits are hyper-reactive, hyper-plastic, and generally up-regulated.”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Markram et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“This creates an intense world, a fragmented world (with focus on individual components of the environment), and an aversive world.”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Markram et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Low-level sensory perception is enhanced (intense world), coupled with deficits in sensory integration (fragmented world).”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Markram et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Such perceptual up-regulation results in an avoidance of highly emotional and unpredictable cues, such as eyes, faces, and social interactions.”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Markram et al., 2007
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Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Genetics in Diagnosis and Treatment
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Metadata
- Authors
- Markram, H.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Markram, Henry
- ORCID
- Markram, Henry
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2007-11-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 77-96
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- 1662-4548
- PMC
- PMC2518049
- OpenAlex
- W2128332414
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 258
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, neural circuits, neocortex, amygdala, social withdrawal, repetitive behavior, autism theory, neuropathology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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