Optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of simple phenolic compounds from grape skins and seeds
Open accessAbstract
A method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from grape seeds and skins using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was developed. Optimization of the effects of the extraction parameters in terms of the results of extraction was obtained using the response surface methodology. The parameters studied were extraction solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water), percentage of methanol in water, quantity of sample in relation to volume of extraction solvent (solid:liquid, 10–50 mg mL−1), power (100–500 W), magnetic stirring speed (0–100%), and extraction time (5–20 min). Finally, the repeatability and the intermediate precision of the method were determined. The best conditions proved to be: 65% methanol in water as an optimum extraction solvent; 0.5 g of grape skin or seed in a volume of 25 mL; a power of 500 W with the maximum stirring speed (100%); and an extraction time of 5 min. The phenolic compounds proved to be stable in the optimized extraction conditions. The resulting repeatability and the intermediate precision of the optimized method showed a relative standard deviation below 7%. The new method applied on Napoleon grape allowed for the determination of catechin (453.2 (mg kg−1)), epicatechin (306.3 mg kg−1), caftaric acid (22.37 mg caffeic acid equivalents kg−1), dihydrokaempferol-glycoside (11.13 mg kaempferol equivalents kg−1), quercetin (18.28 mg kg−1), quercetin-3-glucoside (20.09 mg quercetin equivalents kg−1), and kaempferol-3-glucoside (11.10 mg kaempferol equivalents kg−1).
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Most studies conducted on metabolite and oil extraction processes conform to second-order models.
“Most studies conducted on metabolite and oil extraction processes conform to second-order models [26,32,33].”
From Optimized microwave-assisted azadirachtin extraction using response surface methodology (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Section 2.5 (Experimental Design; page unavailable) says this study of phenolic-compound extraction used a second-order mathematical model. It does not establish that most metabolite and oil extraction studies conform to such models; the oil-extraction and prevalence parts of the claim are unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Azaroual, L., Liazid, A., Mansouri, F. E., Brigui, J., Ruíz-Rodriguez, A., Barbero, G. F., & Palma, M.
- Affiliations
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University (MA)
- Universidad de Cádiz (ES)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, B.P. 2121, M’Hannech II, Tétouan 93002, Morocco
- Corresponding author
- Palma, Miguel
- Venue
- Agronomy
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-07-30
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1527
- ISSN
- 2073-4395 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3192307693
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Agronomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RODIN (Universidad de Cádiz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and by the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Busi-ness and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia (FEDER-UCA18-108366)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Keywords
- microwave-assisted extraction, phenolic compounds, grape skin, grape seeds, extraction optimization, response surface methodology, catechins, epicatechin, caftaric acid, quercetin, kaempferol glycosides, methanol-water mixtures, method validation
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