CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 13Dermatology and Skin DiseasesContact Dermatitis and AllergiesVeterinary Medicine and Surgery

Snail Mucus Filtrate Reduces Inflammation in Canine Progenitor Epidermal Keratinocytes (CPEK)

Open access
Messina, Laura, Bruno, Fabio, Licata, Patrizia, Paola, Davide Di, Franco, Gianluca, Marino, Ylenia, Peritore, Alessio Filippo, Cuzzocrea, Salvatore +2 more·2022·Animals
DOI 10.3390/ani12141848PMC PMC9311558
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory and allergic disease, whose multifactorial etiopathogenesis is the consequence of the link between the genetic, immunological and environmental components. The complexity and difficulty in understanding the causes that trigger or exacerbate this pathology makes it difficult, once diagnosed, to proceed with a targeted and effective therapeutic process. Today, the new frontiers of research look to natural and innovative treatments to counteract the different manifestations of dermatitis. From this point of view, the mucus secreted by Helix aspersa Muller has proven, since ancient times, to be able to neutralize skin diseases. To study canine atopic dermatitis (cAD), we used cell lines of canine epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) that are optimal to understand the biological reactivity of keratinocytes in vitro. The data obtained from our study demonstrate the anti-inflammatory capacity of snail secretion filtrate (SSF) in counteracting the production of proinflammatory cytokines produced during cAD, highlighting the opportunities for further studies to be able to identify new, natural and safe treatments for cAD and to open new frontiers for veterinarians and owners.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ani12141848

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • It was noted that the skin of workers became softer after contact with snail secretions during cleaning and manual handling of the animals, and small cuts healed quickly, without infection or scarring.

    “It was noted that the skin of workers became softer after contact with snail secretions during cleaning and manual handling of the animals. In addition, small cuts healed quickly, without infection or scarring [12,27,30,62,65].”

    From Chemical Variability and Biological Potential of Cornu aspersum Mucus as a Source for the Development of New Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products (2025) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) describes snail slime as emollient and says it has antimicrobial and healing effects. The Introduction (page unavailable) also describes reparative activity. Neither passage reports observations of workers handling snails, rapid healing of their small cuts, or healing without infection or scarring. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 48

  1. [1]Halliwell R. Revised nomenclature for veterinary allergy Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2006 114 207 208 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.013 17005257 · DOI
  2. [2]Brement T. Laly M.J. Combarros D. Guillemaille D. Bourdeau P.J. Bruet V. Reliability of different sets of criteria in diagnosing canine atopic dermatitis applied to a population of 250 dogs seen in a veterinary teaching hospital Vet. Dermatol. 2019 30 188-e59 10.1111/vde.12729 30828878 · DOI
  3. [3]Majewska A. Gajewska M. Dembele K. Maciejewski H. Prostek A. Jank M. Lymphocytic, cytokine and transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood of dogs with atopic dermatitis BMC Vet. Res. 2016 12 174 10.1186/s12917-016-0805-6 27553600 PMC4995625 · DOI
  4. [4]Oldenhoff W.E. Frank G.R. DeBoer D.J. Comparison of the results of intradermal test reactivity and serum allergen-specific IgE measurement for Malassezia pachydermatis in atopic dogs Vet. Dermatol. 2014 25 507–511, e84-5 10.1111/vde.12159 25130045 · DOI
  5. [5]Marsella R. Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice Vet. Sci. 2021 8 124 10.3390/vetsci8070124 34357916 PMC8310319 · DOI
  6. [6]Martel B.C. Lovato P. Baumer W. Olivry T. Translational Animal Models of Atopic Dermatitis for Preclinical Studies Yale J. Biol. Med. 2017 90 389 402 28955179 PMC5612183
  7. [7]Noli C. Colombo S. Cornegliani L. Ghibaudo G. Persico P. Vercelli A. Galzerano M. Quality of life of dogs with skin disease and of their owners. Part 2: Administration of a questionnaire in various skin diseases and correlation to efficacy of therapy Vet. Dermatol. 2011 22 344 351 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00956.x 21435044 · DOI
  8. [8]Noli C. Minafo G. Galzerano M. Quality of life of dogs with skin diseases and their owners. Part 1: Development and validation of a questionnaire Vet. Dermatol. 2011 22 335 343 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00954.x 21410569 · DOI
  9. [9]Parodi A. Paolino S. Greco A. Drago F. Mansi C. Rebora A. Parodi A. Savarino V. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in rosacea: Clinical effectiveness of its eradication Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008 6 759 764 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.054 18456568 · DOI
  10. [10]Pelucchi C. Galeone C. Bach J.F. La Vecchia C. Chatenoud L. Pet exposure and risk of atopic dermatitis at the pediatric age: A meta-analysis of birth cohort studies J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2013 132 616 622.e7 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.009 23711545 · DOI
  11. [11]Vitaliti G. Pavone P. Guglielmo F. Spataro G. Falsaperla R. The immunomodulatory effect of probiotics beyond atopy: An update J. Asthma 2014 51 320 332 10.3109/02770903.2013.862259 24256057 · DOI
  12. [12]Hensel P. Santoro D. Favrot C. Hill P. Griffin C. Canine atopic dermatitis: Detailed guidelines for diagnosis and allergen identification BMC Vet. Res. 2015 11 196 10.1186/s12917-015-0515-5 26260508 PMC4531508 · DOI
  13. [13]Olivry T. DeBoer D.J. Favrot C. Jackson H.A. Mueller R.S. Nuttall T. Prelaud P. International Committee on Allergic Diseases of A. Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2015 updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) BMC Vet. Res. 2015 11 210 10.1186/s12917-015-0514-6 26276051 PMC4537558 · DOI
  14. [14]Saridomichelakis M.N. Olivry T. An update on the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis Vet. J. 2016 207 29 37 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.016 26586215 · DOI
  15. [15]Gugliandolo E. Macri F. Fusco R. Siracusa R. D’Amico R. Cordaro M. Peritore A.F. Impellizzeri D. Genovese T. Cuzzocrea S. The Protective Effect of Snail Secretion Filtrate in an Experimental Model of Excisional Wounds in Mice Vet. Sci. 2021 8 167 10.3390/vetsci8080167 34437489 PMC8402640 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [16]Gugliandolo E. Cordaro M. Fusco R. Peritore A.F. Siracusa R. Genovese T. D’Amico R. Impellizzeri D. Di Paola R. Cuzzocrea S. Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice Sci. Rep. 2021 11 3638 10.1038/s41598-021-83170-8 33574472 PMC7878904 · DOI · Paper page
  17. [17]Gentili V. Bortolotti D. Benedusi M. Alogna A. Fantinati A. Guiotto A. Turrin G. Cervellati C. Trapella C. Rizzo R. HelixComplex snail mucus as a potential technology against O3 induced skin damage PLoS ONE 2020 15 e0229613 10.1371/journal.pone.0229613 32084249 PMC7034816 · DOI · Paper page
  18. [18]Greistorfer S. Klepal W. Cyran N. Gugumuck A. Rudoll L. Suppan J. von Byern J. Snail mucus-glandular origin and composition in Helix pomatia Zoology (Jena) 2017 122 126 138 10.1016/j.zool.2017.05.001 28554685 · DOI
  19. [19]Pitt S.J. Graham M.A. Dedi C.G. Taylor-Harris P.M. Gunn A. Antimicrobial properties of mucus from the brown garden snail Helix aspersa Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 2015 72 174–181, quiz 208 10.1080/09674845.2015.11665749 26738399 · DOI
  20. [20]Tsoutsos D. Kakagia D. Tamparopoulos K. The efficacy of Helix aspersa Muller extract in the healing of partial thickness burns: A novel treatment for open burn management protocols J. Dermatolog. Treat. 2009 20 219 222 10.1080/09546630802582037 19058081 · DOI
  21. [21]Gugliandolo E. Palma E. Cordaro M. D’Amico R. Peritore A.F. Licata P. Crupi R. Canine atopic dermatitis: Role of luteolin as new natural treatment Vet. Med. Sci. 2020 6 926 932 10.1002/vms3.325 32741111 PMC7738746 · DOI
  22. [22]Pizzino G. Irrera N. Galfo F. Pallio G. Mannino F. D’Amore A. Pellegrino E. Ieni A. Russo G.T. Calapai M. Effects of the antagomiRs 15b and 200b on the altered healing pattern of diabetic mice Br. J. Pharmacol. 2018 175 644 655 10.1111/bph.14113 29178246 PMC5786458 · DOI
  23. [23]Arcique M.A. Bajwa J. Atopic dermatitis in humans and dogs Can Vet J 2020 61 82 84 31892761 PMC6909410
  24. [24]Marsella R. De Benedetto A. Atopic Dermatitis in Animals and People: An Update and Comparative Review Vet. Sci. 2017 4 37 10.3390/vetsci4030037 29056696 PMC5644664 · DOI
  25. [25]Olivry T. Bizikova P. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for prevention or treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs: 2008–2011 update Vet. Dermatol. 2013 24 97-e26 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01088.x 23331686 · DOI
  26. [26]Santoro D. Therapies in Canine Atopic Dermatitis: An Update Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract. 2019 49 9 26 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.08.002 30262146 · DOI
  27. [27]Guidi E.E.A. Gramenzi A. Persico P. Di Prinzio R. Di Simone D. Cornegliani L. Effects of Feeding a Hypoallergenic Diet with a Nutraceutical on Fecal Dysbiosis Index and Clinical Manifestations of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Animals 2021 11 2985 10.3390/ani11102985 34680004 PMC8532801 · DOI
  28. [28]Tulstrup M.V. Christensen E.G. Carvalho V. Linninge C. Ahrne S. Hojberg O. Licht T.R. Bahl M.I. Antibiotic Treatment Affects Intestinal Permeability and Gut Microbial Composition in Wistar Rats Dependent on Antibiotic Class PLoS ONE 2015 10 e0144854 10.1371/journal.pone.0144854 26691591 PMC4686753 · DOI
  29. [29]Marchegiani A. Fruganti A. Spaterna A. Dalle Vedove E. Bachetti B. Massimini M. Di Pierro F. Gavazza A. Cerquetella M. Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Canine Dermatological Disorders Vet. Sci. 2020 7 38 10.3390/vetsci7020038 PMC7355824 32260299 · DOI
  30. [30]de Roock S. van Elk M. van Dijk M.E. Timmerman H.M. Rijkers G.T. Prakken B.J. Hoekstra M.O. de Kleer I.M. Lactic acid bacteria differ in their ability to induce functional regulatory T cells in humans Clin. Exp. Allergy 2010 40 103 110 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03344.x 19817754 · DOI
  31. [31]Anturaniemi J. Zaldivar-Lopez S. Savelkoul H.F.J. Elo K. Hielm-Bjorkman A. The Effect of Atopic Dermatitis and Diet on the Skin Transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers Front. Vet. Sci. 2020 7 552251 10.3389/fvets.2020.552251 33178726 PMC7596200 · DOI
  32. [32]Iguchi S.M. Aikawa T. Matsumoto J.J. Antibacterial activity of snail mucus mucin Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Comp. Physiol. 1982 72 571 574 10.1016/0300-9629(82)90123-2 6126300 · DOI
  33. [33]Shah J.M. Omar E. Pai D.R. Sood S. Cellular events and biomarkers of wound healing Indian J. Plast. Surg. 2012 45 220 228 10.4103/0970-0358.101282 23162220 PMC3495371 · DOI · Paper page
  34. [34]El Mubarak M.A. Lamari F.N. Kontoyannis C. Simultaneous determination of allantoin and glycolic acid in snail mucus and cosmetic creams with high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection J. Chromatogr. A 2013 1322 49 53 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.086 24239039 · DOI · Paper page
  35. [35]Tanaka T. Narazaki M. Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2014 6 a016295 10.1101/cshperspect.a016295 25190079 PMC4176007 · DOI · Paper page
  36. [36]Naruke A. Nakano R. Nunomura J. Suwabe Y. Nakano M. Namba S. Kitanaka T. Kitanaka N. Sugiya H. Nakayama T. Tpl2 contributes to IL-1beta-induced IL-8 expression via ERK1/2 activation in canine dermal fibroblasts PLoS ONE 2021 16 e0259489 10.1371/journal.pone.0259489 34735542 PMC8568182 · DOI
  37. [37]Kany S. Vollrath J.T. Relja B. Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019 20 6008 10.3390/ijms20236008 PMC6929211 31795299 · DOI
  38. [38]Lindley I. Aschauer H. Seifert J.M. Lam C. Brunowsky W. Kownatzki E. Thelen M. Peveri P. Dewald B. von Tscharner V. Synthesis and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating factor: Biological equivalence between natural and recombinant neutrophil-activating factor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988 85 9199 9203 10.1073/pnas.85.23.9199 3057503 PMC282706 · DOI
  39. [39]Li A. Dubey S. Varney M.L. Dave B.J. Singh R.K. IL-8 directly enhanced endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinases production and regulated angiogenesis J. Immunol. 2003 170 3369 3376 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.3369 12626597 · DOI
  40. [40]Xu S. Cao X. Interleukin-17 and its expanding biological functions Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2010 7 164 174 10.1038/cmi.2010.21 20383173 PMC4002915 · DOI
  41. [41]Koga C. Kabashima K. Shiraishi N. Kobayashi M. Tokura Y. Possible pathogenic role of Th17 cells for atopic dermatitis J. Investig. Dermatol. 2008 128 2625 2630 10.1038/jid.2008.111 18432274 · DOI
  42. [42]Toda M. Leung D.Y. Molet S. Boguniewicz M. Taha R. Christodoulopoulos P. Fukuda T. Elias J.A. Hamid Q.A. Polarized in vivo expression of IL-11 and IL-17 between acute and chronic skin lesions J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2003 111 875 881 10.1067/mai.2003.1414 12704372 · DOI
  43. [43]Nakajima S. Kitoh A. Egawa G. Natsuaki Y. Nakamizo S. Moniaga C.S. Otsuka A. Honda T. Hanakawa S. Amano W. IL-17A as an inducer for Th2 immune responses in murine atopic dermatitis models J. Investig. Dermatol. 2014 134 2122 2130 10.1038/jid.2014.51 24480880 · DOI
  44. [44]Lou H. Lu J. Choi E.B. Oh M.H. Jeong M. Barmettler S. Zhu Z. Zheng T. Expression of IL-22 in the Skin Causes Th2-Biased Immunity, Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction, and Pruritus via Stimulating Epithelial Th2 Cytokines and the GRP Pathway J. Immunol. 2017 198 2543 2555 10.4049/jimmunol.1600126 28228560 PMC5360537 · DOI
  45. [45]Lim J.M. Lee B. Min J.H. Kim E.Y. Kim J.H. Hong S. Kim J.J. Sohn Y. Jung H.S. Effect of peiminine on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro Int. Immunopharmacol. 2018 56 135 142 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.025 29414643 · DOI
  46. [46]Munoz F.C. Cervantes M.M. Cervantes-Garcia D. Jimenez M. Ventura-Juarez J. Salinas E. Glycomacropeptide Attenuates Inflammation, Pruritus, and Th2 Response Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Induced by 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Rat J. Immunol. Res. 2017 2017 6935402 10.1155/2017/6935402 28265582 PMC5318634 · DOI
  47. [47]Weller C.L. Collington S.J. Hartnell A. Conroy D.M. Kaise T. Barker J.E. Wilson M.S. Taylor G.W. Jose P.J. Williams T.J. Chemotactic action of prostaglandin E2 on mouse mast cells acting via the PGE2 receptor 3 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007 104 11712 11717 10.1073/pnas.0701700104 17606905 PMC1913869 · DOI
  48. [48]Hundley T.R. Prasad A.R. Beaven M.A. Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 in antigen-stimulated mast cells is associated with minimal activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase J. Immunol. 2001 167 1629 1636 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1629 11466386 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Messina, L., Bruno, F., Licata, P., Paola, D. D., Franco, G., Marino, Y., Peritore, A. F., Cuzzocrea, S., Gugliandolo, E., & Crupi, R.
Affiliations
University of Messina (IT)
Corresponding author
Gugliandolo, Enrico
ORCID
Venue
Animals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-07-21
Volume
12
Issue
14
Pages
1848
ISSN
2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ani12141848
PMC
PMC9311558
OpenAlex
W4286498483
Cited by
13
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6
FWCI
2.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
Keywords
canine atopic dermatitis, Helix aspersa, anti-inflammatory activity, inflammatory cytokines, natural treatment, veterinary dermatology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review