Cited by 65Edible Oils Quality and AnalysisPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesPhytochemistry and Biological Activities

Olive Fruit and Leaf Wastes as Bioactive Ingredients for Cosmetics—A Preliminary Study

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Cádiz-Gurrea, María de la Luz, Pinto, Diana, Delerue-Matos, Cristina, Rodrigues, Francisca·2021·Antioxidants

Abstract

Olea europaea cultivar, native in the Mediterranean basin, has expanded worldwide, mainly due to the olive oil industry. This expansion is attributed to the benefits of olive oil consumption, since this product is rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds. However, the olive industry generates high amounts of wastes, which could be related to polluting effects on soil and water. To minimize the environmental impact, different strategies of revalorization have been proposed. In this sense, the aim of this work was to develop high cosmetic value added oleuropein-enriched extracts (O20 and O30), a bioactive compound from olive byproducts, performing a comprehensive characterization using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and evaluate their bioactivity by in vitro assays. A total of 49 compounds were detected, with oleuropein and its derivatives widely found in O30 extract, whereas iridoids were mainly detected in O20 extract. Moreover, 10 compounds were detected for the first time in olive leaves. Both extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant and antiradical activities, although O30 showed higher values. In addition, radical oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging and enzyme inhibition values were higher in O30, with the exception of HOCl and hyaluronidase inhibition assays. Regarding cell viability, olive byproduct extracts did not lead to a decrease in keratinocytes viability until 100 µg/mL. All data reported by the present study reflect the potential of industrial byproducts as cosmetic ingredients.

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Crossref · 10.3390/antiox10020245

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  • Due to the antimicrobial properties of olive derivatives, they can be used in cosmetics as preservative boosters.

    “Due to the antimicrobial properties of olive derivatives, they can be used in cosmetics as preservative boosters.”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [120]

    Section 3.2.1 describes antimicrobial activity as a reason antioxidants can be useful in skin-care formulations, and the Conclusions identify olive-byproduct extracts as promising cosmetic ingredients. The paper does not establish antimicrobial activity for its olive extracts or say they can serve as preservative boosters; its reported assays focus on antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and cell viability. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • The main phenolic compounds in olives are hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, verbascoside, and their derivatives, which have powerful antioxidant activity in both vivo and in vitro studies.

    “The main phenolic compounds in olives are as follows: hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, verbascoside, and their derivatives, which have powerful antioxidant activity in both vivo and in vitro studies [55,79,119,120].”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [120]

    Section 3.1 identifies hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside, oleuropein and its derivatives among olive-leaf compounds, and also discusses tyrosol. Section 3.2 reports antioxidant activity for olive-byproduct extracts using in vitro assays, but does not establish powerful antioxidant activity for every listed compound or report in vivo antioxidant results. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Olea europaea is the main source of squalene, which is the most abundant lipid on the skin's surface and possesses emollient, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

    “Olea europea is also the main source of squalene, which is a lipid from the family of triterpene, being the most abundant on the skin's surface and possessing emollient, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties [79,119,120].”

    From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [120]

    The Introduction and Results discuss antioxidant activity of olive byproduct extracts, particularly oleuropein, but do not address squalene. Searches for squalene and for its claimed skin abundance, emollient, antibacterial, and antifungal properties found no passage supporting the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Cádiz-Gurrea, M. D. L. L., Pinto, D., Delerue-Matos, C., & Rodrigues, F.
Affiliations
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
  • Rede de Química e Tecnologia (PT)
Corresponding author
Rodrigues, Francisca
Venue
Antioxidants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-02-05
Volume
10
Issue
2
Pages
245
ISSN
2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3127525260
Cited by
65
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8
FWCI
5.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Keywords
oleuropein, iridoids, cosmetic ingredients, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, keratinocyte viability, waste valorization, olive mill wastewater

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