Biochar Affects Heavy Metal Uptake in Plants through Interactions in the Rhizosphere
Open accessAbstract
Heavy metals in soil pose a constant risk for animals and humans when entering their food chains, and limited means are available to reduce plant accumulation from more or less polluted soils. Biochar, which is made by pyrolysis of organic residues and sees increasing use as a soil amendment to mitigate anthropogenic C emissions and improve agronomic soil properties, has also been shown to reduce plant availability of heavy metals in soils. The cause for the reduction of metal uptake in plants when grown in soils enriched with biochar has generally been researched in terms of increased pH and alkalinity, while other potential mechanisms have been less studied. We conducted a pot experiment with barley using three soils differing in metal content and amended or not with 2% biochar made from Miscanthus x giganteus, and assessed plant contents and changes in bioavailability in bulk and rhizosphere soil by measuring extractability in acetic acid or ammonium nitrate. In spite of negligible pH changes upon biochar amendment, the results showed that biochar reduced extractability of Cu, Pb and Zn, but not of Cd. Rhizosphere soil contained more easily extractable Cu, Pb and Zn than bulk soil, while for Cd it did not. Generally, reduced plant uptake due to biochar was reflected in the amounts of metals extractable with ammonium nitrate, but not acetic acid.
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Infrared spectroscopy, biomarkers, and nuclear magnetic resonance can be used to assess biochar mineralization over time.
“Many techniques can be used to assess the biochar mineralization over time such as infrared spectroscopy, biomarkers, nuclear magnetic resonance among others (Weldon etal. 2019; Medyńska-Juraszek etal. 2020).”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Medyńska-Juraszek et al. 2020
The Materials and Methods section describes measuring biochar composition and heavy metals, while section 2.1 describes extracting bioavailable metals from soil. Neither addresses assessing biochar mineralization over time. Searches for infrared spectroscopy, biomarkers, nuclear magnetic resonance, and biochar mineralization found no passage supporting the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Medyńska-Juraszek, A., Rivier, P.-A., Rasse, D., & Joner, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Soil Sciences and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wroclaw, Poland
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NO)
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-07-24
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 5105
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3044108732
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- biochar, heavy metal uptake, rhizosphere, Miscanthus × giganteus, barley, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, metal bioavailability, soil amendment, pyrolysis, metal extractability, soil pH
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