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Cited by 116Heavy Metal Pollution RemediationChromium effects and bioremediationAdsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal

Microbial-Based Heavy Metal Bioremediation: Toxicity and Eco-Friendly Approaches to Heavy Metal Decontamination

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Zhou, Biao, Zhang, Tiejian, Wang, Fei·2023·Applied Sciences
DOI 10.3390/app13148439
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Abstract

There are several industrial processes in which heavy metals are used, including but not limited to chrome plating and tanning. Amongst the most toxic heavy metals to human health are arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, copper, nickel, and mercury. The aforementioned toxic metals possess the ability to cause contamination upon their release into the environment. Humans and aquatic and terrestrial animals are at risk from heavy metals in water and soil. Heavy metal toxicity has the potential to result in several health complications, such as renal and hepatic impairment, dermatological afflictions, cognitive lethargy, and potentially oncogenic manifestations. The removal of heavy metals from wastewater and soil can be accomplished using a variety of conventional methods, such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, chemical reduction, and adsorption. These methods have several disadvantages, such as generating an abundance of secondary pollutants, and entail significantly higher costs in comparison to biological methods. Conversely, eco-friendly techniques based on microbes have numerous advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of biological processes that remove heavy metal ions, both metabolically dependent and metabolically independent. Additionally, we also focused on the source and toxicity of these heavy metals. This study is expected to be particularly beneficial for the development of biological heavy metal treatment systems for soil and water.

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  • Consortia of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and other PAH-degrading bacteria achieved up to 60% degradation of high-molecular-weight PAHs when combined with nutrient supplementation and microbial immobilization on biochar.

    “Similarly, consortia of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and other PAH-degrading bacteria have shown high degradation efficiencies of up to 60% for high-molecular-weight PAHs when combined with strategies such as nutrient supplementation and microbial immobilization on biochar.”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [408]

    The Bioleaching section and the heavy-metal biosorption table discuss removal of metals, not degradation of PAHs. Searches for Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, high-molecular-weight PAHs, 60% degradation, nutrient supplementation, and biochar immobilization found no passage addressing the claim. The supplied passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.77)

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  • The combination of nutrient supplementation and immobilization on biochar significantly improved the degradation of aged PAHs in contaminated soils.

    “This combination significantly improved the degradation of aged PAHs in contaminated soils, making it a viable approach for long-term bioremediation projects [408,409].”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [408]

    The passage on immobilized biomass (Heavy Metal Ion Heavy Metal Biosorption Capacity, page not provided) concerns biosorption of heavy metals, not degradation of aged PAHs. Searches for PAHs, biochar, and nutrient supplementation found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed combination or its effectiveness in contaminated soil. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Techniques such as metagenomics and proteomics allow for a deeper understanding of microbial communities and their metabolic pathways, enabling the development of strategies to mitigate the production of harmful intermediates.

    “Techniques such as metagenomics and proteomics allow for a deeper understanding of microbial communities and their metabolic pathways, enabling the development of strategies to mitigate the production of harmful intermediates [408,409].”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [408]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Zhou, B., Zhang, T., & Wang, F.
Affiliations
Hebei Agricultural University (CN)
Corresponding author
Zhang, Tiejian
ORCID
Venue
Applied Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-07-21
Volume
13
Issue
14
Pages
8439
ISSN
2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/app13148439
OpenAlex
W4385201114
Cited by
116
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 2
FWCI
8.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Key R&D Project of Hebei Province (22323802D)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Keywords
heavy metal bioremediation, microbial bioremediation, heavy metal toxicity, heavy metal decontamination, wastewater treatment, soil contamination, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, copper, sustainable remediation

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