The DOI matches its Crossref record; 213 of the 215 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beyond the GFAP-Astrocyte Protein Markers in the Brain
Open accessAbstract
The idea of central nervous system as one-man band favoring neurons is long gone. Now we all are aware that neurons and neuroglia are team players and constant communication between those various cell types is essential to maintain functional efficiency and a quick response to danger. Here, we summarize and discuss known and new markers of astroglial multiple functions, their natural heterogeneity, cellular interactions, aging and disease-induced dysfunctions. This review is focused on newly reported facts regarding astrocytes, which are beyond the old stereotypes. We present an up-to-date list of marker proteins used to identify a broad spectrum of astroglial phenotypes related to the various physiological and pathological nervous system conditions. The aim of this review is to help choose markers that are well-tailored for specific needs of further experimental studies, precisely recognizing differential glial phenotypes, or for diagnostic purposes. We hope it will help to categorize the functional and structural diversity of the astroglial population and ease a clear readout of future experimental results.
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“Many of the genes whose expression increased the most with age are selectively expressed by astrocytes.49”
From Uncovering the signatures of aging and senescence in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [49]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jurga, A. M., Paleczna, M., Kadluczka, J., & Kuter, K. Z.
- Affiliations
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology (PL)
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Corresponding author
- Kuter, Katarzyna Z.
- Venue
- Biomolecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-09-14
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1361
- ISSN
- 2218-273X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8468264
- OpenAlex
- W3201129361
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 215
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Instytut Farmakologii im. Jerzego Maja Polskiej Akademii Nauk (OPUS14 2017/27/B/NZ7/00289)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- astrocytes, astrocyte markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glial heterogeneity, glial phenotype, astrocyte-neuron interaction, glial cells, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, diagnostic biomarkers, central nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Cell Communication, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Humans, Biomarkers
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