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Interaction Between Chitosan and Mucin: Fundamentals and Applications

Collado-González, Mar, González Espinosa, Yadira, Goycoolea, Francisco M.·2019·Biomimetics
DOI 10.3390/biomimetics4020032PMC PMC6631199
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Abstract

The term chitosan (CS) refers to a family of aminopolysaccharides derived from chitin. Among other properties, CS is nontoxic, mucoadhesive and can be used for load and transport drugs. Given these and other physicochemical and biological properties, CS is an optimal biopolymer for the development of transmucosal drug delivery systems, as well as for the treatment of pathologies related to mucosal dysfunctions. Mucins are glycoprotein macromolecules that are the major components of mucus overlaying epithelia. CS interacts with mucin and adsorbs on and changes the rheology of mucus. However, CS and mucins denote families of polymers/macromolecules with highly variable chemical structure, properties, and behavior. To date, their interactions at the molecular level have not been completely unraveled. Also, the properties of complexes composed of CS and mucin vary as a function of the sources and preparation of the polymers. As a consequence, the mucoadhesion and drug delivery properties of such complexes vary as well. The breadth of this review is on the molecular interactions between CS and mucin. In particular, in vitro and ex vivo characterization methods to investigate both the interactions at play during the formation of CS-mucin complexes, and the advances on the use of CS for transmucosal drug delivery are addressed.

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Figure 1 Structure of the mucus gel on the epithelial surfaces. Reprinted from [1], with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 1 Structure of the mucus gel on the epithelial surfaces. Reprinted from [1], with permission from Elsevier.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The domain structure of mucins. VWD: Von Wiellebrand D-domain, C8: conserved cysteine rich domain, TIL: trypsin inhibitor-like cystein-rich domain, CysD: domain rich in cystein residues, VWC: Von Wiellebrand C-domain, PTS: PTS domains, CK: cystein knot domain, NIDO: nidogen homology region, AMOP: the adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and other proteins, SEA: sea-urchin sperm protein, enterokinase, and agrin domain, TM: transmembrane domain. Reprinted with permission from Springer Nature, Copyright 2016 [2].
Figure 2 The domain structure of mucins. VWD: Von Wiellebrand D-domain, C8: conserved cysteine rich domain, TIL: trypsin inhibitor-like cystein-rich domain, CysD: domain rich in cystein residues, VWC: Von Wiellebrand C-domain, PTS: PTS domains, CK: cystein knot domain, NIDO: nidogen homology region, AMOP: the adhesion-associated domain in MUC4 and other proteins, SEA: sea-urchin sperm protein, enterokinase, and agrin domain, TM: transmembrane domain. Reprinted with permission from Springer Nature, Copyright 2016 [2].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Representation of the crosslinking of mucins. Extracted with permission from [1].
Figure 3 Representation of the crosslinking of mucins. Extracted with permission from [1].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Structure of fully N-acetylated chitin (a), fully N-deacetylated chitosan (b) and representative partially N-acetylated chitosan sequence (c).
Figure 4 Structure of fully N-acetylated chitin (a), fully N-deacetylated chitosan (b) and representative partially N-acetylated chitosan sequence (c).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Possible scenarios in the interaction of chitosan-based nanosystems and mucins. Once the nanosystems achieve the mucus, they can go through the mucus and reach the epithelium (a), be shed with the mucus (b) or get trapped in the mucus gel (c).
Figure 5 Possible scenarios in the interaction of chitosan-based nanosystems and mucins. Once the nanosystems achieve the mucus, they can go through the mucus and reach the epithelium (a), be shed with the mucus (b) or get trapped in the mucus gel (c).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Intrinsic and extrinsic features that alter the interactions between chitosan and mucin.
Figure 6 Intrinsic and extrinsic features that alter the interactions between chitosan and mucin.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Collado-González, M., González Espinosa, Y., & Goycoolea, F. M.
Venue
Biomimetics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-04-25
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
32
ISSN
2313-7673
DOI
10.3390/biomimetics4020032
PMC
PMC6631199
Cited by
160
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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