The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PD-L1, TMB, MSI, and Other Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) represents the second most frequently diagnosed primary liver cancer worldwide following hepatocellular carcinoma, and the overall survival of patients with unresectable disease remains poor. In recent years, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of several malignancies with these agents, which have also been explored in advanced BTC, as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer agents. However, clinical trials evaluating ICIs in BTC have shown conflicting results, and the clinical benefit provided by immunotherapy seems limited to a small subgroup of BTC patients. Thus, the identification of reliable predictors of the response to immunotherapy represents a significant challenge in this setting. This review provides an overview of the available evidence on the biomarkers predictive of the response to ICIs in patients with advanced BTC, especially focusing on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and other emerging biomarkers.
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Cites
Cisplatin plus Gemcitabine versus Gemcitabine for Biliary Tract Cancer
Valle, J., Wasan, H., Palmer, D. H., Cunningham, D., Anthoney, A., Maraveyas, A., Madhusudan, S., Iveson, T., Hughes, S., Pereira, S. P., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0908721 · Cited by 4,406
Analysis of 100,000 human cancer genomes reveals the landscape of tumor mutational burden
Chalmers, Z. R., Connelly, C. F., Fabrizio, D., Gay, L., Ali, S. M., Ennis, R., Schrock, A., Campbell, B., Shlien, A., Chmielecki, J., et al. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0424-2 · Cited by 3,519
Tumor mutational burden and response rate to PD-1 inhibition
Yarchoan, M., Hopkins, A., & Jaffee, E. M. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1713444 · Cited by 3,230
Tumor Mutational Burden as an Independent Predictor of Response to Immunotherapy in Diverse Cancers
Goodman, A. M., Kato, S., Bazhenova, L., Patel, S. P., Frampton, G. M., Miller, V., Stephens, P. J., Daniels, G. A., & Kurzrock, R. (2017) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0386 · Cited by 2,264
Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Rationale, challenges and potential
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Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response
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Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
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Cited by
Wang, Y., Tong, Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, W., Buzdin, A., Mu, X., Yan, Q., Zhao, X., Chang, H.-H., Duhon, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.683419 · Cited by 224
(2025) · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57181-2 · Cited by 34
IRnet: Immunotherapy response prediction using pathway knowledge-informed graph neural network
Jiang, Y., Immadi, M. S., Wang, D., Zeng, S., On Chan, Y., Zhou, J., Xu, D., & Joshi, T. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.036 · Cited by 12
Jiang, Q., Huang, J., Zhang, B., Li, X., Chen, X., Cui, B., Li, S., & Guo, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.801909 · Cited by 11
Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma
Wang, Z., Dai, Y., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, P., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Hu, Y., Li, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1453344 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Rizzo, A., Ricci, A. D., & Brandi, G.
- Venue
- Cancers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-02-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 558
- ISSN
- 2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3128409629
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 74
- FWCI
- 45.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: PD-L1, TMB, MSI, and Other Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/cancers13030558
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- Rizzo, A., Ricci, A. D., & Brandi, G. (2021). PD-L1, TMB, MSI, and Other Predictors of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030558
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
