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Cited by 1,954Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersColorectal Cancer Treatments and StudiesGenetic factors in colorectal cancer

Immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Rationale, challenges and potential

Open access
Ganesh, Karuna, Stadler, Zsofia K., Cercek, Andrea, Mendelsohn, Robin B., Shia, Jinru, Segal, Neil H., Diaz, Luis A.·2019·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
DOI 10.1038/s41575-019-0126-xPMC PMC7295073
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Abstract

Following initial successes in melanoma treatment, immunotherapy has rapidly become established as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers, including a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs). Two programmed cell death 1 (PD1)-blocking antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have shown efficacy in patients with metastatic CRC that is mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H), and have been granted accelerated FDA approval. In contrast to most other treatments for metastatic cancer, immunotherapy achieves long-term durable remission in a subset of patients, highlighting the tremendous promise of immunotherapy in treating dMMR-MSI-H metastatic CRC. Here, we review the clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibition in CRC leading to regulatory approvals for the treatment of dMMR-MSI-H CRC. We focus on new advances in expanding the efficacy of immunotherapy to early-stage CRC and CRC that is mismatch-repair-proficient and has low microsatellite instability (pMMR-MSI-L) and discuss emerging approaches for targeting the immune microenvironment, which might complement immune checkpoint inhibition.

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  • Improvements in precision oncology for mCRC are augmenting gains achieved through the introduction of immunotherapy and improved surgical techniques that collectively are contributing toward improved long-term survival for distinct sub-types of mCRC.

    “Improvements in precision oncology for mCRC are augmenting gains achieved through the introduction of immunotherapy [15] and improved surgical techniques that collectively are contributing toward improved long-term survival for distinct sub-types of mCRC [16].”

    From Recent Advances in Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Colorectal Cancer Treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [15]

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

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Authors
Ganesh, K., Stadler, Z. K., Cercek, A., Mendelsohn, R. B., Shia, J., Segal, N. H., & Diaz, L. A.
Affiliations
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Ganesh, Karuna
ORCID
Venue
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-03-18
Volume
16
Issue
6
Pages
361-375
ISSN
  • 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5053
DOI
10.1038/s41575-019-0126-x
PMC
PMC7295073
OpenAlex
W2920863623
Cited by
1,954
References
142
Citations by year
2026: 220 · 2025: 326 · 2024: 327 · 2023: 345 · 2022: 343 · 2021: 249 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 21
FWCI
17.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (K08CA230213, P30CA008748)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Keywords
immunotherapy, colorectal cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, anti-PD-1 therapy, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability, metastatic colorectal cancer, early colorectal cancer, tumor immune microenvironment, regulatory approval
MeSH terms
Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy, Colorectal Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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