The DOI matches its Crossref record; 276 of the 276 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Open accessAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple joints bilaterally. It is characterized by an inflammation of the tendon (tenosynovitis) resulting in both cartilage destruction and bone erosion. While until the 1990s RA frequently resulted in disability, inability to work, and increased mortality, newer treatment options have made RA a manageable disease. Here, great progress has been made in the development of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) which target inflammation and thereby prevent further joint damage. The available DMARDs are subdivided into (1) conventional synthetic DMARDs (methotrexate, hydrochloroquine, and sulfadiazine), (2) targeted synthetic DMARDs (pan-JAK- and JAK1/2-inhibitors), and (3) biologic DMARDs (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, TNF-receptor (R) inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-6R inhibitors, B cell depleting antibodies, and inhibitors of co-stimulatory molecules). While DMARDs have repeatedly demonstrated the potential to greatly improve disease symptoms and prevent disease progression in RA patients, they are associated with considerable side-effects and high financial costs. This review summarizes our current understanding of the underlying pathomechanism, diagnosis of RA, as well as the mode of action, clinical benefits, and side-effects of the currently available DMARDs.
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Signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for targeted therapy
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Design, printing, and engineering of regenerative biomaterials for personalized bone healthcare
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Osteoimmunology: The effect of autoimmunity on fracture healing and skeletal analysis
Lončar, S. R., Halcrow, S. E., & Swales, D. (2023) · Forensic Science International: Synergy · doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100326 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, Y.-J., Anzaghe, M., & Schülke, S.
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 880
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3014146563
- Cited by
- 932
- References
- 276
- FWCI
- 69.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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