Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: An open-label study indicated that selective depletion of B cells with the use of rituximab led to sustained clinical improvements for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To confirm these observations, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. METHODS: We randomly assigned 161 patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis despite treatment with methotrexate to receive one of four treatments: oral methotrexate (> or =10 mg per week) (control); rituximab (1000 mg on days 1 and 15); rituximab plus cyclophosphamide (750 mg on days 3 and 17); or rituximab plus methotrexate. Responses defined according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) were assessed at week 24 (primary analyses) and week 48 (exploratory analyses). RESULTS: At week 24, the proportion of patients with 50 percent improvement in disease symptoms according to the ACR criteria, the primary end point, was significantly greater with the rituximab-methotrexate combination (43 percent, P=0.005) and the rituximab-cyclophosphamide combination (41 percent, P=0.005) than with methotrexate alone (13 percent). In all groups treated with rituximab, a significantly higher proportion of patients had a 20 percent improvement in disease symptoms according to the ACR criteria (65 to 76 percent vs. 38 percent, P< or =0.025) or had EULAR responses (83 to 85 percent vs. 50 percent, P< or =0.004). All ACR responses were maintained at week 48 in the rituximab-methotrexate group. The majority of adverse events occurred with the first rituximab infusion: at 24 weeks, serious infections occurred in one patient (2.5 percent) in the control group and in four patients (3.3 percent) in the rituximab groups. Peripheral-blood immunoglobulin concentrations remained within normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment, a single course of two infusions of rituximab, alone or in combination with either cyclophosphamide or continued methotrexate, provided significant improvement in disease symptoms at both weeks 24 and 48.
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In humans, a reversible depletion of normal B cells is a well-tolerated side effect of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, which is an efficacious therapy in mature B cell neoplasms and in autoimmune disease.
“In humans, a reversible depletion of normal B cells is a well-tolerated side effect of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, which is an efficacious therapy in mature B cell neoplasms and in autoimmune disease”
From The transcriptional cofactor TRIM33 prevents apoptosis in B lymphoblastic leukemia by deactivating a single enhancer (2015) · cites this paper as Edwards et al., 2004
The Abstract (page unavailable) describes rituximab as an anti-CD20 antibody that causes transient B-cell depletion and is approved for certain CD20-positive B-cell lymphomas. The trial reports improved rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, while the adverse-events section finds similar overall adverse-event rates but notes serious infections and the need for longer-term monitoring. The claim extends efficacy from those specific conditions to mature B-cell neoplasms and autoimmune disease generally, and describes tolerability without those safety qualifications. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Edwards, J. C. W., Szczepański, L., Szechiński, J., Filipowicz-Sosnowska, A., Emery, P., Close, D. R., Stevens, R. M., & Shaw, T.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- University of Wrocław (PL)
- Roche (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2004-06-17
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2572-2581
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2118994799
- Cited by
- 2,623
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 103 · 2014: 129 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 133
- FWCI
- 109.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, rituximab, B-cell depletion, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, combination therapy, adverse events, serious infections, immunoglobulin levels, treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis, ACR response criteria, EULAR response criteria, maintenance therapy, relapse prevention, long-term follow-up, drug efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Rituximab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, B-Lymphocytes, Bacterial Infections, Cyclophosphamide, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Male, Methotrexate, Middle Aged, Antirheumatic Agents, Antigens, CD20, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
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