Automatic Failure Recovery for Container-Based IoT Edge Applications
Open accessAbstract
Recent years have seen the rapid adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where billions of physical devices are interconnected to provide data sensing, computing and actuating capabilities. IoT-based systems have been extensively deployed across various sectors, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transport, smart logistics and so forth. Newer paradigms such as edge computing are developed to facilitate computation and data intelligence to be performed closer to IoT devices, hence reducing latency for time-sensitive tasks. However, IoT applications are increasingly being deployed in remote and difficult to reach areas for edge computing scenarios. These deployment locations make upgrading application and dealing with software failures difficult. IoT applications are also increasingly being deployed as containers which offer increased remote management ability but are more complex to configure. This paper proposes an approach for effectively managing, updating and re-configuring container-based IoT software as efficiently, scalably and reliably as possible with minimal downtime upon the detection of software failures. The approach is evaluated using docker container-based IoT application deployments in an edge computing scenario.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
StarlingX [12], IoT recovery frameworks [11], and ZigBee [29] self-healing mechanisms report results from deployed or hardware-based implementations.
“whereas platforms such as StarlingX [12], IoT recovery frameworks [11], and ZigBee [29] self-healing mechanisms report results from deployed or hardware-based implementa- tions.”
From Digital Twins at the Edge: A High-Availability Framework for Resilient Data Processing in IoT Sensor Networks (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
IoT device redeployment exceeds 70 s.
“IoT device redeployment exceeds 70 s [11]”
From Digital Twins at the Edge: A High-Availability Framework for Resilient Data Processing in IoT Sensor Networks (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
Existing resilience solutions for the edge are too slow, with cold standby recovery times exceeding minutes.
“Second, at an implementation level, existing resilience solutions for the edge are either too heavyweight (container orchestration requiring significant resources [8,35]), too slow (cold standby with recovery times exceeding minutes [11,16]), or too narrow (sensor-level backups that cannot assume full node functionality [13]).”
From Digital Twins at the Edge: A High-Availability Framework for Resilient Data Processing in IoT Sensor Networks (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction and §2.3 discuss fault tolerance and fail-over strategies, but do not describe cold standby or give its recovery time. The paper reports redeployment times exceeding two minutes for its own system, which does not establish the claim about existing cold-standby solutions (searched: cold standby, failover, recovery times). (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Internet of Things: A survey
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010 · Cited by 15,613 · see citing works
The internet of things: a survey
Li, S., Xu, L., & Zhao, S.-S. (2014) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-014-9492-7 · Cited by 9,888 · see citing works
Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M. (2015) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2444095 · Cited by 8,630 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The heterogeneity of device hardware, software, communication protocols has made achieving the performance requirements of specific IoT services challenging [6–8].”
BackgroundA Survey on the Edge Computing for the Internet of Things
Yu, W., Liang, F., He, X., Hatcher, W. G., Lu, C., Lin, J., & Yang, X. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2017.2778504 · Cited by 1,520 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The sensor(s) embedded within the edge device can process the data as they are collected and then act upon this information without minimal impact to quality of service [9].”
BackgroundFuture Edge Cloud and Edge Computing for Internet of Things Applications
Pan, J., & McElhannon, J. (2018) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2017.2767608 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Edge Computing for the Internet of Things: A Case Study
Premsankar, G., Francesco, M. D., & Taleb, T. (2018) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2805263 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Learning Curve Approach to Reliability Monitoring
Duane, J. T. (1964) · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace · doi:10.1109/ta.1964.4319640 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Edge computing technologies for Internet of Things: a primer
Ai, Y., Peng, M., & Zhang, K. (2017) · Digital Communications and Networks · doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2017.07.001 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Dynamic Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Edge Computing
Liu, C.-F., Bennis, M., Debbah, M., & Poor, H. V. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2019.2898573 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
The Role of Edge Computing in Internet of Things
Hassan, N., Gillani, S. A., Ahmed, E., Yaqoob, I., & Imran, M. A. (2018) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2018.1700906 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
A Survey of Rate Adaptation Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP
Kua, J., Armitage, G. J., & Branch, P. (2017) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2017.2685630 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-citationOffloading Schemes in Mobile Edge Computing for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications
Liu, J., & Zhang, Q. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2800032 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Latency and Reliability-Aware Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Mobile Edge Computing
Liu, C., Bennis, M., & Poor, H. V. (2017) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269175 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Edge computing enabling the Internet of Things
Salman, O., Elhajj, I. H., Kayssi, A. I., & Chehab, A. (2015) · IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) · doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2015.7389122 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Soft-WSN: Software-Defined WSN Management System for IoT Applications
Bera, S., Misra, S., Roy, S. K., & Obaidat, M. S. (2016) · IEEE Systems Journal · doi:10.1109/jsyst.2016.2615761 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
A Roadmap Toward the Resilient Internet of Things for Cyber-Physical Systems
Ratasich, D., Khalid, F., Geißler, F., Grosu, R., Shafique, M., & Bartocci, E. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891969 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
UbiFlow: Mobility management in urban-scale software defined IoT
Wu, D., Arkhipov, D. I., Asmare, E., Qin, Z., & McCann, J. A. (2015) · IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) · doi:10.1109/infocom.2015.7218384 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A greedy model with small world for improving the robustness of heterogeneous Internet of Things
Qiu, T., Luo, D., Xia, F., Deonauth, N., Si, W., & Tolba, A. K. R. (2016) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2015.12.019 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Virtualization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Fault Tolerant Embedding for Internet of Things
Kaiwartya, O., Abdullah, A. H., Cao, Y., Lloret, J., Kumar, S., Shah, R. R., Prasad, M., & Prakash, S. (2017) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2017.2717704 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Optimizing Multipath Routing With Guaranteed Fault Tolerance in Internet of Things
Hasan, M. Z., & Al-Turjman, F. M. (2017) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2739188 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
CEFIoT: A fault-tolerant IoT architecture for edge and cloud
Javed, A., Heljanko, K., Buda, A., & Främling, K. (2018) · IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) · doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2018.8355149 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
IoT Bugs and Development Challenges
Makhshari, A., & Mesbah, A. (2021) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse43902.2021.00051 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A dependability evaluation tool for the Internet of Things
da Silva, I. M. D., Leandro, R., Macedo, D., & Guedes, L. A. (2013) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2013.04.021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
An architecture pattern for trusted orchestration in IoT edge clouds
Pahl, C., Ioini, N. E., Helmer, S., & Lee, B. (2018) · International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC) · doi:10.1109/fmec.2018.8364046 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Reliable and Fault-Tolerant IoT-Edge Architecture
Grover, J., & Murthy, G. R. (2018) · Proceedings of IEEE Sensors/Proceedings of IEEE Sensors ... · doi:10.1109/icsens.2018.8589624 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Architecture of Fog-Enabled and Cloud-Enhanced Internet of Things Applications
Ahuja, S. P., & Wheeler, N. (2019) · International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing · doi:10.4018/ijcac.2020010101 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Using Active Queue Management to Assist IoT Application Flows in Home Broadband Networks
Kua, J., Nguyen, S. H., Armitage, G. J., & Branch, P. (2017) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2017.2722683 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationContext-Awareness Enhances 5G Multi-Access Edge Computing Reliability
Han, B., Wong, S., Mannweiler, C., Crippa, M. R., & Schotten, H. D. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2898316 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A Microservices Architecture for Reactive and Proactive Fault Tolerance in IoT Systems
Power, A., & Kotonya, G. (2018) · IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM) · doi:10.1109/wowmom.2018.8449789 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Fault-tolerant AI-driven Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things
Medjek, F., Tandjaoui, D., Djedjig, N., & Romdhani, I. (2021) · International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection · doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2021.100436 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
On the Mean Time between Failures for Repairable Systems
Engelhardt, M., & Bain, L. J. (1986) · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · doi:10.1109/tr.1986.4335491 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kodeswaran, P., Kokku, R., Sen, S., & Srivatsa, M. (2016) · International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services · doi:10.1145/2906388.2906406 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ride: A Resilient IoT Data Exchange Middleware Leveraging SDN and Edge Cloud Resources
Benson, K. E., Wang, G., Venkatasubramanian, N., & Kim, Y.-J. (2018) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI) · doi:10.1109/iotdi.2018.00017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
M4DN.IoT-A Networks and Devices Management Platform for Internet of Things
Silva, J. D. C., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., Saleem, K., Kozlov, S. A., & Rabêlo, R. A. L. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909436 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Moghaddam, M. T., & Muccini, H. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30856-8_5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dinh, N.-T., & Kim, Y. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18113970 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Toward a New Approach to IoT Fault Tolerance
Terry, D. (2016) · Computer · doi:10.1109/mc.2016.238 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kimura, M., Yamada, S., & Osaki, S. (1995) · Mathematical and Computer Modelling · doi:10.1016/0895-7177(95)00191-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Comparison of the Mean Time Between Failures for Two Systems Under Short Tests
Michlin, Y. H., Grabarnik, G. Y., & Leshchenko, E. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · doi:10.1109/tr.2009.2020102 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Monitoring Internet of Things Application Ecosystems for Failure
Solaiman, E., Ranjan, R. K., Jayaraman, P. P., & Mitra, K. (2016) · IT Professional · doi:10.1109/mitp.2016.90 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Redundancy as a Measure of Fault-Tolerance for the Internet of Things: A Review
Rullo, A., Serra, E., & Lobo, J. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17277-0_11 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sequential Testing for Comparison of the Mean Time Between Failures for Two Systems
Michlin, Y. H., & Grabarnik, G. Y. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · doi:10.1109/tr.2007.896679 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A global generic architecture for the future Internet of Things
Wang, W., Lee, K., & Murray, D. E. (2017) · Service Oriented Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11761-017-0213-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive Chunklets and AQM for Higher-Performance Content Streaming
Kua, J., Armitage, G. J., Branch, P., & But, J. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · doi:10.1145/3344381 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient estimation of the mean time between failures in non-regenerative dependability models
Glynn, P. W., Heidelberger, P., Nicola, V. F., & Shahabuddin, P. (1993) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1145/256563.256657 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zagirnyak, M. V. (2016) · PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY · doi:10.15199/48.2016.01.32 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Building a generic architecture for the Internet of Things
Wang, W., Lee, K., & Murray, D. E. (2013) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) · doi:10.1109/issnip.2013.6529812 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFailure Prediction Model Using Iterative Feature Selection for Industrial Internet of Things
Kwon, J.-H., & Kim, E. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12030454 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
IoT fault management platform with device virtualization
Nishiguchi, Y., Yano, A., Ohtani, T., Matsukura, R., & Kakuta, J. (2018) · IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) · doi:10.1109/wf-iot.2018.8355109 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
IoT fault management in cloud/fog environments
Modica, G., Gulino, S., & Tomarchio, O. (2019) · International Conference on the Internet of Things (IoT) · doi:10.1145/3365871.3365882 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
System reliability analysis of small-cell deployment in heterogeneous cellular networks
Rushdi, A. M. A., Hassan, A. K., & Moinuddin, M. (2019) · Telecommunication Systems · doi:10.1007/s11235-019-00615-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
SD‐IoTR: an SDN‐based Internet of Things reprogramming framework
Huynh-Van, D., & Le‐Trung, Q. (2020) · IET Networks · doi:10.1049/iet-net.2019.0223 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kodeswaran, P.A.; Kokku, R.; Sen, S.; Srivatsa, M. Idea: A system for efficient failure management in smart iot environments. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, Singapore, 26-30 June 2016; pp. 43-56.
- Suresh, N.; Jayant, N. 'Mean time between failures': A subjectively meaningful video quality metric. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Toulouse, France, 14-19 May 2006; Volume 2.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Performance Analysis of OPC UA for Industrial Interoperability towards Industry 4.0
Ladegourdie, M., & Kua, J. (2022) · IoT · doi:10.3390/iot3040027 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationde Souza, P. S. S., Ferreto, T. C., & Calheiros, R. N. (2024) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3659097 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Persona-based Assessment of Software Engineering Student Research Projects: An Experience Report
Arora, C., Tubino, L., Cain, A., Lee, K., & Malhotra, V. (2023) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET) · doi:10.1109/icse-seet58685.2023.00025 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationA Design of Workflow-Based Automated Failure Recovery Framework in IoT Edge Environment
Bac, T. P., Mafeni, V., & Kim, Y. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3578739 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Grincheva, N. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106216 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Enhancing Edge Node Resilience through SDN-Driven Proactive Failure Management
Sowmya, R., Nandhini, M., & Priyanga, M. (2024) · IEEE International Conference for Women in Innovation, Technology & Entrepreneurship (ICWITE) · doi:10.1109/icwite59797.2024.10503227 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neagu, M., Serban, C. M., Hangan, A., & Sebestyen, G. (2026) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi18030137 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Edge Computing for Internet of Things
Lee, K., & Man, K. L. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-4275-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationNetwork Slicing for Federated Learning in Operational Technology Environment
Delgado, B. G. R., Aguirre, L. D. E., Marfo, W., Servín, C., & Tosh, D. K. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN) · doi:10.1109/icmlcn64995.2025.11140448 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Edge Computing for Internet of Things
Lee, K., & Man, K. L. (2022) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics11081239 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCarson, R., Ghanem, M. C., & Bouakkaz, F. (2025) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.175234496.67216514/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Optimizing IoT Edge Processes Using Low-Code Platforms
Dongo, J., & Mahmoudi, C. (2025) · International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC) · doi:10.1109/fmec65595.2025.11119377
Network Slicing for Dynamic DMZ and Federated Learning in Operational Technology Environment
Delgado, B. G. R., Iracheta, B. C., Solano, A., Martinez, M. D., Tosh, D. K., & Servín, C. (2025) · Resilience Week (RWS) · doi:10.1109/rws66711.2025.11304489
Ayoubi, M., Li, M., Albishari, M., Al-Daoar, A., & Rabih, R. (2026) · Journal of Grid Computing · doi:10.1007/s10723-026-09822-z
FaLSE: A Failure and Latency-Aware Scheduling for Mission-Critical Applications at the Edge
Rasouli, N., Klein, C., & Elmroth, E. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science · doi:10.1109/cloudcom67567.2025.11331351
Carson, R., Ghanem, M. C., & Bouakkaz, F. (2025) · Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT) · doi:10.1109/ciot67574.2025.11410014
Ayoubi, M., & Li, M. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06358-5
- Authors
- Olorunnife, K., Lee, K., & Kua, J.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Olorunnife, Kolade
- Lee, Kevin
- Kua, Jonathan
- Venue
- Electronics
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3047
- ISSN
- 2079-9292 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200285338
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Software System Performance and Reliability
- Keywords
- Internet of Things, edge computing, software failure, Docker containers, remote software updates, reconfiguration, remote management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review