Cited by 8,630IoT and Edge/Fog ComputingIoT Networks and ProtocolsInternet of Things and AI

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

Open access
Al-Fuqaha, Ala, Guizani, Mohsen, Mohammadi, Mehdi, Aledhari, Mohammed, Ayyash, Moussa·2015·IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/comst.2015.2444095

Cites

158 of 158 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The growth of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is leading to more industrial devices like sensors, instruments, controllers, and appliances being connected and becoming IP-enabled.

    “The growth of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is leading to more industrial devices like sensors, instruments, controllers, and appliances being connected and becoming IP-enabled [24].”

    From Seamless Industry 4.0 Integration: A Multilayered Cyber-Security Framework for Resilient SCADA Deployments in CPPS (2023) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Market Opportunity section projects rapid IoT growth, and E. Services describes production machines monitored through the Internet. B. Sensing describes sensors integrated with TCP/IP-capable devices. The copy does not specifically establish that growing numbers of industrial instruments, controllers, and appliances are themselves becoming IP-enabled. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • TLMs are widely integrated into edge computing and IoT environments, allowing devices to process and interpret natural language commands locally, without reliance on cloud infrastructure.

    “TLMs are widely integrated into edge computing [140] and IoT environments [141], allowing devices to process and interpret natural language commands locally, without reliance on cloud infrastructure.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

7 of the 165 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. U. Rushden, Belkin Brings Your Home to Your Fingertips With WeMo Home Automation System. Los Angeles, CA, USA: Press Room Belkin, 2012.
  2. "Press releases detail: Bluetooth technology website," Bluetooth Tech- nol. Website, Kirkland, WA, USA, Sep. 2014. [Online]. Available: http:// www.bluetooth.com/Pages/Press-Releases-Detail.aspx?ItemID=197
  3. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), IEEE Std. 802. 15. 4-2011, 2011.
  4. T. Kamiya and J. Schneider, "Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0," World Wide Web Consortium, Cambridge, MA, USA, Recommend. REC-Exi-20110310, 2011.
  5. J. Grasso, "The EPCglobal network: Overview of design, benefits, and security," EPCglobal Inc, Position Paper, vol. 24, 2004.
  6. B. B. Olyaei, J. Pirskanen, O. Raeesi, A. Hazmi, and M. Valkama, "Per- formance comparison between slotted IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.1
  7. lah in IoT based applications," in Proc. IEEE 9th Int. Conf. WiMob, 2013, pp. 332-337.
  8. IEEE Standard for a Convergent Digital Home Network for Heteroge- neous Technologies, IEEE Std. 1905. 1-2013, pp. 1-93, 2013.
  9. J. Kempf, J. Arkko, N. Beheshti, and K. Yedavalli, "Thoughts on relia- bility in the Internet of Things," in Proc. Interconnecting Smart Objects Internet Workshop, 2011, pp. 1-4.
  10. G. Wang, S. Chen, H. Lu, and M. Lin, "Pa-GFDP: An algorithm en- hancing reliability of WSNs," WSEAS Trans. Comput., vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 445-454, Dec. 2012.
  11. D. C. Verma and P. Verma, Techniques for Surviving Mobile Data Explo- sion (Chapter 8). New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2014.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., & Ayyash, M.
Affiliations
  • Qatar University (QA)
  • Western Michigan University (US)
  • Chicago State University (US)
Venue
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Published
2015
Volume
17
Issue
4
Pages
2347-2376
ISSN
  • 1553-877X (ISSN-L)
  • 2373-745X
OpenAlex
W2134295053
Cited by
8,630
References
165
Citations by year
2026: 599 · 2025: 718 · 2024: 703 · 2023: 807 · 2022: 805 · 2021: 995 · 2020: 1145 · 2019: 1055 · 2018: 945 · 2017: 607 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 13
FWCI
687.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (publishedVersion)
  • Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT Networks and Protocols
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Internet of Things and AI
Keywords
Internet of Things, IoT protocols, RFID, smart sensors, machine-to-machine communication, enabling technologies, IoT applications, big data analytics, cloud computing, fog computing, intelligent decision-making

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review