Cited by 121Smart Agriculture and AIAdvanced Data and IoT TechnologiesDigitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture

The impact of 6G-IoT technologies on the development of agriculture 5.0: a review

Open access
Polymeni, Sofia, Plastras, Stefanos, Skoutas, Dimitrios N., Kormentzas, Georgios, Skianis, Charalabos·2023·Electronics

Abstract

Throughout human history, agriculture has undergone a series of progressive transformations based on ever-evolving technologies in an effort to increase productivity and profitability. Over the years, farming methods have evolved significantly, progressing from Agriculture 1.0, which relied on primitive tools, to Agriculture 2.0, which incorporated machinery and advanced farming practices, and subsequently to Agriculture 3.0, which emphasized mechanization and employed intelligent machinery and technology to enhance productivity levels. To further automate and increase agricultural productivity while minimizing agricultural inputs and pollutants, a new approach to agricultural management based on the concepts of the fourth industrial revolution is being embraced gradually. This approach is referred to as “Agriculture 4.0” and is mainly implemented through the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, enabling the remote control of sensors and actuators and the efficient collection and transfer of data. In addition, fueled by technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, quantum sensing, and four-dimensional communication, a new form of smart agriculture, called “Agriculture 5.0,” is now emerging. Agriculture 5.0 can exploit the growing 5G network infrastructure as a basis. However, only 6G-IoT networks will be able to offer the technological advances that will allow the full expansion of Agriculture 5.0, as can be inferred from the relevant scientific literature and research. In this article, we first introduce the scope of Agriculture 5.0 as well as the key features and technologies that will be leveraged in the much-anticipated 6G-IoT communication systems. We then highlight the importance and influence of these developing technologies in the further advancement of smart agriculture and conclude with a discussion of future challenges and opportunities.

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Crossref · 10.3390/electronics12122651

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116 of 116 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Quantum computers can simulate complex chemical reactions while quantum sensors can accurately monitor and optimize energy production systems, leading to more efficient utilization of resources and sustainable energy solutions.

    “Quantum computers can simulate complex chemical reactions (Brown et al., 2010) while quantum sensors can accurately monitor and optimize energy production systems (Polymeni et al., 2023). This leads to more efficient utilization of resources and sustainable energy solutions, which can benefit both regions since the Global North strives for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.”

    From Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy (2023) · cites this paper as Polymeni et al., 2023

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Authors
Polymeni, S., Plastras, S., Skoutas, D. N., Kormentzas, G., & Skianis, C.
Affiliations
University of the Aegean (GR)
Corresponding author
Polymeni, Sofia
Venue
Electronics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-06-13
Volume
12
Issue
12
Pages
2651
ISSN
2079-9292 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4380484237
Cited by
121
References
118
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 8
FWCI
19.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • the research program AGRICA II (ESPA 2014-2020, MIS 5046750)
  • Support of Regional Excellence (ESPA 2014-2020, MIS 5046750)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Smart Agriculture and AI
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Data and IoT Technologies
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Keywords
Agriculture 5.0, smart agriculture, Internet of Things, 5G, agricultural automation, agricultural robotics, artificial intelligence in agriculture, quantum sensing, agricultural data collection, agricultural history

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