CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 29

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Economic Assessment of Polypropylene Waste (PP) Pyrolysis in Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis

Zabaniotou, Anastasia, Vaskalis, Ioannis·2023·Energies
DOI 10.3390/en16020593
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Plastic waste has a high energy content and can be utilized as an energy source. This study aims to assess the economic feasibility of polypropylene plastic waste (PP) pyrolysis. A literature review was carried out to determine the optimal pyrolysis conditions for oil production. The preferred pyrolysis temperature ranges from 450 °C to 550 °C, where the oil yields vary from 82 wt.% to 92.3 wt.%. Two scenarios were studied. In the first scenario, pyrolysis gas is used for the pyrolysis heating needs, whereas in the second scenario, natural gas is used. An overview of the economic performance of a pyrolysis plant with a capacity of 200,000 t/year is presented. Based on the results, the plant is economically viable, as it presents high profits and a short payback time for both scenarios considered. Although the annual revenues are smaller in scenario 1, the significant reduction in operating costs makes this scenario preferable. The annual profits amount to 37.3 M€, while the return on investment is 81% and the payback time is 1.16 years. In scenario 2, although the plant is still feasible and shows high profitability, the annual profits are lower by about 1.5 M€, while the payback time is 1.2 years.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/en16020593

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Image 1
CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Annual contribution of the published articles of interest in the period 2012-2022. Figure 2. Annual contribution of the published articles of interest in the period 2012-2022.
Figure 2 Annual contribution of the published articles of interest in the period 2012-2022. Figure 2. Annual contribution of the published articles of interest in the period 2012-2022.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Share of the articles used in the study per year of publication. Figure 3. Share of the articles used in the study per year of publication.
Figure 3 Share of the articles used in the study per year of publication. Figure 3. Share of the articles used in the study per year of publication.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Generalized flowchart of the pyrolysis process [56-58]. Figure 4. Generalized flowchart of the pyrolysis process [56-58].
Figure 4 Generalized flowchart of the pyrolysis process [56-58]. Figure 4. Generalized flowchart of the pyrolysis process [56-58].CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 CEPCI indicators for 1996-2020 [59]. Figure 5. CEPCI indicators for 1996-2020 [59].
Figure 5 CEPCI indicators for 1996-2020 [59]. Figure 5. CEPCI indicators for 1996-2020 [59].CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 6 Relation of plant capacity and initial investment. Figure 6. Relation of plant capacity and initial investment.
Figure 6 Relation of plant capacity and initial investment. Figure 6. Relation of plant capacity and initial investment.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on the initial investment (scenario 1). Figure 7. Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on the initial investment (scenario 1).
Figure 7 Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on the initial investment (scenario 1). Figure 7. Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on the initial investment (scenario 1).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 8 Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on R.O.I and P.O.T (scenario 1). Figure 8. Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on R.O.I and P.O.T (scenario 1).
Figure 8 Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on R.O.I and P.O.T (scenario 1). Figure 8. Effect of PP pyrolysis plant capacity on R.O.I and P.O.T (scenario 1).CC-BY · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 66

  1. Xayachak, 2022, Pyrolysis for Plastic Waste Management: An Engineering Perspective, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 10, 108865, 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108865 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Zhu, 2023, Study on coupled combustion behaviors and kinetics of plastic pyrolysis by-product for oil, Energy, 262A, 125452, 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125452 · DOI
  3. Babaremu, 2022, Sustainable plastic waste management in a circular economy, Heliyon, 8, e09984, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09984 · DOI
  4. Hossain, 2022, Full circle: Challenges and prospects for plastic waste management in Australia to achieve circular economy, J. Clean. Prod., 368, 133127, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133127 · DOI
  5. Mirkarimi, 2022, Conversion of mixed waste plastic into fuel for diesel engines through pyrolysis process: A review, Appl. Energy, 327, 120040, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120040 · DOI
  6. Chen, 2022, Comprehensive evaluation of environmental and economic benefits of industrial symbiosis in industrial parks, J. Clean. Prod., 354, 131635, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131635 · DOI
  7. Hassan, 2023, The impact of economic complexity, technology advancements, and nuclear energy consumption on the ecological footprint of the USA: Towards circular economy initiatives, Gondwana Res., 113, 237, 10.1016/j.gr.2022.11.001 · DOI
  8. Kusenberg, 2022, Towards high-quality petrochemical feedstocks from mixed plastic packaging waste via advanced recycling: The past, present and future, Fuel Process. Technol., 238, 107474, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107474 · DOI
  9. Eze, 2021, Plastics waste management: A review of pyrolysis technology, Clean Technol. Recycl., 1, 50, 10.3934/ctr.2021003 · DOI
  10. Rehan, 2017, Effect of zeolite catalysts on pyrolysis liquid oil, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 119, 162, 10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.11.015 · DOI
  11. Armenise, 2021, Plastic waste recycling via pyrolysis: A bibliometric survey and literature review, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 158, 105265, 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105265 · DOI
  12. Jamradloedluk, 2014, Characterization and Utilization of Char Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes, Procedia Eng., 69, 1437, 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.03.139 · DOI
  13. Abnisa, 2016, A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes, Energy Convers. Manag., 115, 308, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Erdogan, S. (2020). Recycling of Waste Plastics into Pyrolytic Fuels and Their Use in IC Engines. Sustain. Mobil. · DOI
  15. Basu, P. (2010). Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis, Academic Press.
  16. Abnisa, 2014, A review on co-pyrolysis of biomass: An optional technique to obtain a high-grade pyrolysis oil, Energy Convers. Manag., 87, 71, 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.007 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 2013, Thermal and kinetic behaviors of biomass and plastic wastes in co-pyrolysis, Energy Convers. Manag., 75, 263, 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.036 · DOI
  18. Pandey, 2020, Pyrolysis of plastic waste to environmentally friendly products, Energy Prod. Manag. 21st Century IV, 246, 61
  19. Caballero, 2011, Dechlorination of fuels in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes, Fuel Process. Technol., 92, 253, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.05.008 · DOI
  20. Wang, 2020, Effect of high heating rates on products distribution and sulfur transformation during the pyrolysis of waste tires, Waste Manag., 118, 9, 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.08.015 · DOI
  21. Miandad, 2019, Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving Toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries, Front. Energy Res, 7, 27, 10.3389/fenrg.2019.00027 · DOI
  22. Ahmad, 2014, Pyrolysis Study of Polypropylene and Polyethylene Into Premium Oil Products, Int. J. Green Energy, 12, 663, 10.1080/15435075.2014.880146 · DOI
  23. Sakata, 1999, Degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene into fuel oil by using solid acid and non-acid catalysts, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 51, 135, 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00013-3 · DOI
  24. Kusenberg, 2021, A comprehensive experimental investigation of plastic waste pyrolysis oil quality and its dependence on the plastic waste composition, Fuel Process. Technol., 227, 107090, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107090 · DOI
  25. FakhrHoseini, 2013, Predicting Pyrolysis Products of PE, PP, and PET Using NRTL Activity Coefficient Model, J. Chem., 2013, 487676, 10.1155/2013/487676 · DOI
  26. Paraschiv, 2015, New energy value chain through pyrolysis of hospital plastic waste, Appl. Therm. Eng., 87, 424, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.04.070 · DOI
  27. Demirbas, 2014, Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 72, 97, 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.03.001 · DOI
  28. Inayat, 2022, Chemical recycling of waste polystyrene by thermo-catalytic pyrolysis: A description for different feedstocks, catalysts and operation modes, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 201, 109981, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109981 · DOI
  29. Haghighi, 2014, Evaluation of pyrolysis process parameters on polypropylene degradation products, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 109, 272, 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.05.023 · DOI
  30. Erawati, E., and Hamid and Permatasari, R. (2018, January 12–13). Pyrolysis of polypropylene waste with natural zeolite as catalyst. Exploring resources, process and design for sustainable urban development. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA), Surakarta, Indonesia. · DOI
  31. Marino, 2022, ZSM-5 zeolites performance assessment in catalytic pyrolysis of PVC-containing real WEEE plastic wastes, Catal. Today, 390–391, 210, 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.11.033 · DOI
  32. Odejobi, 2020, Oil yield optimization from co-pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using simplex lattice mixture design, Fuel Commun., 2–5, 100006, 10.1016/j.jfueco.2020.100006 · DOI
  33. Terapalli, 2022, Microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene: Analysis of product formation and energy consumption using machine learning approach, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 166, 57, 10.1016/j.psep.2022.08.016 · DOI
  34. Adnan, 2014, Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene in the presence of zinc bulk catalysts, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 45, 2494, 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.05.011 · DOI
  35. Shahbaz, 2022, Techno-economic and environmental analysis of pyrolysis process simulation for plastic (PET) waste, Comput. Aided Chem. Eng., 51, 115, 10.1016/B978-0-323-95879-0.50020-5 · DOI
  36. Bagri, 2022, Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 63, 29, 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00139-5 · DOI
  37. Williams, 1999, Fluidized bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 51, 107, 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00011-X · DOI
  38. Wu, 2021, Pyrolysis behavior of low-density polyethylene over HZSM-5 via rapid infrared heating, Sci. Total Environ., 806, 151287, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151287 · DOI
  39. Marcilla, 2009, Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene over HZSM5 and HUSY zeolites in a batch reactor under dynamic conditions, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 86, 78, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.07.026 · DOI
  40. Dzol, 2022, Catalytic pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene over nickel-waste chicken eggshell/HZSM-5, J. Environ. Manag., 324, 116392, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116392 · DOI
  41. Mastral, 2012, Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a fluidised bed reactor. Influence of the temperature and residence time, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 63, 1, 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00137-1 · DOI
  42. Mousavi, 2022, Energy recovery from high density polyethylene plastic via pyrolysis with upgrading of the product by a novel nano MIL-53 (Cu) derived@Y zeolite catalyst using response surface methodology, Fuel Process. Technol., 231, 107257, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2022.107257 · DOI
  43. Donaj, 2012, Pyrolysis of polyolefins for increasing the yield of monomers’ recovery, Waste Manag., 32, 840, 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.009 · DOI
  44. Kaminsky, 1996, Thermal degradation of mixed plastic waste to aromatics and gas, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 53, 189, 10.1016/0141-3910(96)00087-0 · DOI
  45. Saptoadi, 2014, Characteristics of Waste Plastics Pyrolytic Oil and Its Applications as Alternative Fuel on Four Cylinder Diesel Engines, Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. (IJRED), 3, 13, 10.14710/ijred.3.1.13-20 · DOI
  46. Tian, 2022, Conversion of low-density polyethylene into monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by catalytic pyrolysis: Comparison of HZSM-5, Hβ, HY and MCM-41, J. Clean. Prod., 358, 131989, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131989 · DOI
  47. Artetxe, 2012, Production of Light Olefins from Polyethylene in a Two-Step Process: Pyrolysis in a Conical Spouted Bed and Downstream High-Temperature Thermal Cracking, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 13915, 10.1021/ie300178e · DOI
  48. Bezergianni, S., Dimitriadis, A., Faussone, G., and Karonis, D. (2017). Alternative Diesel from Waste Plastics. Energies, 10. · DOI
  49. Kodera, 2021, Energy- and economic-balance estimation of pyrolysis plant for fuel-gas production from plastic waste based on bench-scale plant operations, Fuel Commun, 7, 100016, 10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100016 · DOI
  50. Mathieson, J., Somerville, M.A., Deev, A., and Jahanshahi, S. (2015). Utilization of Biomass as an Alternative Fuel in Ironmaking, Woodhead Publishing. · DOI
  51. Turton, R., Shaeiwitz, J., Bhattacharyya, D., and Whiting, W. (2018). Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes, Prentice Hall. [5th ed.].
  52. Fivga, 2018, Pyrolysis of plastic waste for production of heavy fuel substitute: A techno-economic assessment, Energy, 149, 865, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.094 · DOI
  53. Ghodrat, 2019, Economic feasibility of energy recovery from waste plastic using pyrolysis technology: An Australian perspective, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 3721, 10.1007/s13762-019-02293-8 · DOI
  54. Riedewald, 2021, Economic assessment of a 40,000 t/y mixed plastic waste pyrolysis plant using direct heat treatment with molten metal: A case study of a plant located in Belgium, Waste Manag., 120, 698, 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.039 · DOI
  55. Yang, 2018, A techno-economic analysis of energy recovery from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) by an integrated intermediate pyrolysis and combined heat and power (CHP) plant, Energy Convers. Manag., 174, 406, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.033 · DOI
  56. Rogers, C., Means, P., Gonzalez, R., Sheets, K., and Townsend, H. (2021). Economic Feasibility of Mixed Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Using Twin Reactor System in Northwest Arkansas. [Bachelor’s Thesis, University of Arkansas].
  57. Petersson, I., and Svensson, A. (2019). Regional Plastic Waste Recycling through Pyrolysis—A Technoeconomic Evaluation. [Ph.D. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment].
  58. Almohamadi, 2021, Producing hydrocarbon fuel from the plastic waste: Techno-economic analysis, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 38, 2208, 10.1007/s11814-021-0876-3 · DOI
  59. Peters, S.M., and Timmerhaus, D.C. (2003). Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, McGraw Hill. McGraw Hill International Editions.
  60. Bora, 2020, Waste Polypropylene Plastic Recycling toward Climate Change Mitigation and Circular Economy: Energy, Environmental, and Technoeconomic Perspectives, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 8, 16350, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c06311 · DOI
  61. Abdallah, R., Juaidi, A., Assad, M., Salameh, T., and Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2020). Energy recovery from waste tires using pyrolysis: Palestine as a case study. Energies, 13. · DOI
  62. Chavando, 2021, Pyrolysis characteristics of RDF and HPDE blends with biomass, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 47, 19901, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.062 · DOI
  63. Jaafar, 2022, Pyrolysis of common plastics and their mixtures to produce valuable petroleum-like products, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 195, 109770, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109770 · DOI
  64. Desai, 2015, Production and Analysis of pyrolysis oil from waste plastic in Kolhapur city, Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci., 3, 590
  65. Hamid, 2021, Economic Analysis of Fuel Oil Production from Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic, Austin Environ Sci., 6, 1053, 10.26420/austinenvironsci.2021.1053 · DOI
  66. Yahya, S., Iqbal, T., Omar, M., and Ahmad, M. (2021). Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia. Energies, 14. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 29

Metadata

Authors
Zabaniotou, A., & Vaskalis, I.
Venue
Energies
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-01-04
Volume
16
Issue
2
Pages
593
ISSN
1996-1073
DOI
10.3390/en16020593
Cited by
29
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Investment Plans for Innovation (KMP6-0283869)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review