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Cited by 129Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestockHair Growth and DisordersSkin and Cellular Biology Research

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Wool Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Sheep—A Review

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Gong, Hua, Zhou, Huitong, Forrest, Rachel, Li, Shaobin, Wang, Jiqing, Dyer, Jolon, Luo, Yuzhu, Hickford, Jon·2016·Genes
DOI 10.3390/genes7060024PMC PMC4929423
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Abstract

The importance of sheep’s wool in making textiles has inspired extensive research into its structure and the underlying genetics since the 1960s. Wool keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a key structural component of the wool fibre. The characterisation of the genes encoding these proteins has progressed rapidly with advances in the nucleotide and protein sequencing. This review describes our knowledge of ovine KAPs, their categorisation into families, polymorphism in the proteins and genes, the clustering and chromosomal location of the genes, some characteristics of gene expression and some potential effects of the KAPs on wool traits. The extent and nature of genetic variation in wool KAP genes and its association with fibre characteristics, provides an opportunity for the development of gene-markers for selective breeding of sheep to produce better wool with properties highly matched to specific end-uses.

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Figures

Figure 1 Amino acid sequence alignments of representative sequences from the ovine KAP families and orthologous sequences from other species. (a) KAP1-n; (b) KAP2-n; (c) KAP3-n; (d) KAP4-n; (e) KAP5-n; (f) KAP6-n; (g) KAP7-1; (h) KAP8-n; (i) KAP11-1; (j) KAP13-3; and (k) KAP24-1. The dashes represent amino acids identical to the top sequence and the dots act as spacers to improve alignments. The QTSCCQPXXX decapeptide repeat sequence found in KAP1-n and the CCVPX pentameric repeat sequence found in KAP2-n are shown in boxes. The central region consisting of contcatenates of nonocysteine- and dicysteine-containing pentameric repeats found in KAP4-n is shaded. In KAP5-n, the glycine-rich decapeptide repeat sequence is boxed, whereas the cycteine/serine-rich decapeptide repeat sequence is both boxed and shaded. All the amino acid sequences are predicated from DNA sequences, except for those indicated by * which were derived directly from protein sequencing. # indicates a partial sequence. The sheep, goat, cattle and human sequences are indicated with a prefix of “s”, “g”, “c” and “h”, respectively. Accession numbers or references for the ovine sequences are shown in Table 1, and those from other species are: AB096962 (hKAP7-1); AY510121 (gKAP7-1); AP001709 (hKAP8-1); AY510123 (gKAP8-2); NM_001080740 (cKAP11-1); NW_001838706 (hKAP11-1); ENSBTAG00000040032 (cKAP13-3); NM_181622.1 (hKAP13-3); XM_002684598.1 (cKAP24-1) and NM_001085455 (hKAP24-1).
Figure 1 Amino acid sequence alignments of representative sequences from the ovine KAP families and orthologous sequences from other species. (a) KAP1-n; (b) KAP2-n; (c) KAP3-n; (d) KAP4-n; (e) KAP5-n; (f) KAP6-n; (g) KAP7-1; (h) KAP8-n; (i) KAP11-1; (j) KAP13-3; and (k) KAP24-1. The dashes represent amino acids identical to the top sequence and the dots act as spacers to improve alignments. The QTSCCQPXXX decapeptide repeat sequence found in KAP1-n and the CCVPX pentameric repeat sequence found in KAP2-n are shown in boxes. The central region consisting of contcatenates of nonocysteine- and dicysteine-containing pentameric repeats found in KAP4-n is shaded. In KAP5-n, the glycine-rich decapeptide repeat sequence is boxed, whereas the cycteine/serine-rich decapeptide repeat sequence is both boxed and shaded. All the amino acid sequences are predicated from DNA sequences, except for those indicated by * which were derived directly from protein sequencing. # indicates a partial sequence. The sheep, goat, cattle and human sequences are indicated with a prefix of “s”, “g”, “c” and “h”, respectively. Accession numbers or references for the ovine sequences are shown in Table 1, and those from other species are: AB096962 (hKAP7-1); AY510121 (gKAP7-1); AP001709 (hKAP8-1); AY510123 (gKAP8-2); NM_001080740 (cKAP11-1); NW_001838706 (hKAP11-1); ENSBTAG00000040032 (cKAP13-3); NM_181622.1 (hKAP13-3); XM_002684598.1 (cKAP24-1) and NM_001085455 (hKAP24-1).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Clustering of the ovine KAP genes in three chromosome regions. The bolded vertical bars represent known KAP genes and the arrows indicate the direction of transcription. The numbers below these bars are the KAP gene names (i.e., 11.1 refers to KRTAP11-1). The spacing of the genes is only approximate and is based on the Ovine Genome Sequence Assembly v4.0 sequence, where coordinates are given for the boundaries of the clusters, based on the first and last gene identified in the group.
Figure 2 Clustering of the ovine KAP genes in three chromosome regions. The bolded vertical bars represent known KAP genes and the arrows indicate the direction of transcription. The numbers below these bars are the KAP gene names (i.e., 11.1 refers to KRTAP11-1). The spacing of the genes is only approximate and is based on the Ovine Genome Sequence Assembly v4.0 sequence, where coordinates are given for the boundaries of the clusters, based on the first and last gene identified in the group.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Schematic representation of the sites of KAP gene expression in the wool follicle. Modified from Powell and Rogers [5].
Figure 3 Schematic representation of the sites of KAP gene expression in the wool follicle. Modified from Powell and Rogers [5].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Rogers, G., Hickford, J., and Bickerstaffe, R. (1994, January 7–12). A Potential QTL for Wool Strength Located on Ovine Chromosome 11. Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Guelph, ON, Canada.

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Metadata

Authors
Gong, H., Zhou, H., Forrest, R., Li, S., Wang, J., Dyer, J., Luo, Y., & Hickford, J.
Affiliations
  • Gansu Agricultural University (CN)
  • Eastern Institute of Technology (NZ)
  • AgResearch (NZ)
Corresponding author
  • Luo, Yuzhu
  • Hickford, Jon
ORCID
Venue
Genes
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-05-28
Volume
7
Issue
6
Pages
24
ISSN
2073-4425 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/genes7060024
PMC
PMC4929423
OpenAlex
W2395447748
Cited by
124
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Genes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Lincoln University Research Archive (Lincoln University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
FRST (C10X0710)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
Keywords
sheep, genetic polymorphism, gene clustering, chromosomal location, gene expression, wool traits, genetic markers, selective breeding, fiber properties

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