Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 413

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Geographical Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as Determined by Region and Race/Ethnicity

Open access
Wolf, Wendy M., Wattick, Rachel A., Kinkade, Olivia N., Olfert, Melissa D.·2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph15112589
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is thought to be the most common endocrine disorder found in women. Common symptoms include irregular menstrual cycle, polycystic ovaries, and hirsutism, as well as an increased risk for a multitude of conditions, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and infertility. The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome is generally thought to be between 3% and 10% but it is widely unknown for specific subpopulations based on geographical location and race/ethnicity. Based on the high degree of variability and inconsistencies between the different diagnostic criteria, there is a unique challenge that exists when determining the prevalence of this syndrome. There are a large percentage of individuals that remain undiagnosed even after visiting multiple health care providers. Most studies conducted across the world are limited by small sample size, selection bias, and lack of comparability across studies. There have been very few studies that have examined the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome across the United States. Based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s diagnostic criteria, there is a similar prevalence of PCOS documented across the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Greece, Australia, and Mexico. Other studies have shown some differences between geographical location and race. The existing data is not conclusive enough to determine whether or not there is any significant differences in the prevalence of PCOS across geographical location, racial or ethnic groups. This review will seek to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome based on geographical location and race/ethnicity.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijerph15112589

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. Okoroh, 2012, Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among the privately insured, United States, 2003–2008, Obstet. Gynecol., 207, 299.e1
  2. March, 2010, The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria, Hum. Reprod., 25, 544, 10.1093/humrep/dep399 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Azziz, 2004, The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, 2745, 10.1210/jc.2003-032046 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Knochenhauer, 1998, Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: A prospective study, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 83, 3078
  5. Kauffman, 2002, Polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in white and Mexican American women: A comparison of two distinct populations, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 187, 1362, 10.1067/mob.2002.126650 · DOI
  6. Azziz, 2009, Task Force on the Phenotype of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome of The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society: The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: The complete task force report, Fertil. Steril., 91, 456, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Carmina, 2004, Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome: From NIH criteria to ESHRE-ASRM guidelines, Minerva Ginecol., 56, 1
  8. Broekmans, 2006, PCOS according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria: Change in prevalence among WHO-II anovulation and association with metabolic factors, BJOG, 113, 1210, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01008.x · DOI
  9. Futterweit, 1999, Polycystic ovary syndrome: Clinical perspectives and management, Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 54, 403, 10.1097/00006254-199906000-00024 · DOI
  10. Mandrelle, 2012, Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending an infertility clinic in a tertiary care hospital in south India, J. Hum. Reprod. Sci., 5, 26, 10.4103/0974-1208.97791 · DOI
  11. Amato, 2008, The evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity for a more robust diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome, Clin. Endocrinol., 69, 52, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03145.x · DOI
  12. Garad, 2011, An evidence-based guideline for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Aust. Nurs. J., 19, 30
  13. Johnson, T., Kaplan, L., Ouyang, P., and Rizza, R. (2012). National Institutes of Health Evidence-Based Methodology Workshop on Polycystic Ovary syndrome.
  14. Meurer, 2006, Clinical inquiries. What is the best way to diagnose polycystic ovarian syndrome?, J. Fam. Pract., 55, 351
  15. Yildiz, 2012, Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria, Hum. Reprod., 27, 3067, 10.1093/humrep/des232 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Skiba, M., Islam, R., Bell, R., and Davis, S. (2018). Understanding variation in prevalence estimates of polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update, 694–709. · DOI
  17. Copp, 2017, Are expanding disease definitions unnecessarily labelling women with polycystic ovary syndrome?, BMJ, 358, j3694, 10.1136/bmj.j3694 · DOI
  18. Yildiz, 2009, Visually scoring hirsutism, Hum. Reprod. Update, 16, 51, 10.1093/humupd/dmp024 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Carmina, 1992, Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 167, 1807, 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91779-A · DOI · Paper page
  20. Chang, 2016, Influence of race/ethnicity on cardiovascular risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome, the Dallas Heart Study, Clin. Endocrinol., 85, 92, 10.1111/cen.12986 · DOI
  21. Li, 2013, Genetic investigation into ethnic disparity in polycystic ovarian syndrome, Gynecol. Endocrinol., 29, 878, 10.3109/09513590.2013.819081 · DOI
  22. Zhao, 2013, Ethnic differences in the phenotypic expression of polycystic ovary syndrome, Steroids, 78, 755, 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.006 · DOI
  23. Asuncion, 2000, A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, 2434
  24. Razak, 2005, SHARE Investigators: Ethnic differences in the relationships between obesity and glucose-metabolic abnormalities: A cross-sectional population-based study, Int. J. Obes., 29, 656, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802937 · DOI
  25. Dunstan, 2002, The rising prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, Diabetes Care, 25, 829, 10.2337/diacare.25.5.829 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Zhu, 2002, Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Clinical action thresholds, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 743, 10.1093/ajcn/76.4.743 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Ogden, 2012, Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009–2010, NCHS Data Brief, 82, 1
  28. Davis, 2002, Preliminary indication of a high prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in indigenous Australian women, Gynecol. Endocrinol., 16, 443, 10.1080/gye.16.6.443.446 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Mani, 2015, Clinical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome: Investigating differences in White and South Asian women, Clin. Endocrinol., 83, 542, 10.1111/cen.12784 · DOI
  30. Huang, 2016, Ethnic differences: Is there an Asian phenotype for polycystic ovarian syndrome?, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 37, 46, 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.04.001 · DOI
  31. Kumarapeli, 2008, A simple screening approach for assessing community prevalence and phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome in a semi-urban population in Sri Lanka, Am. J. Epidemiol., 168, 321, 10.1093/aje/kwn137 · DOI
  32. Wijeyaratne, 2002, Clinical manifestations and insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among South Asians and Caucasians: Is there a difference?, Clin. Endocrinol., 57, 343, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01603.x · DOI · Paper page
  33. Rodin, 1998, Polycystic ovaries and associated metabolic abnormalities in Indian subcontinent Asian women, Clin. Endocrinol., 49, 91, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00492.x · DOI
  34. Shannon, 2012, Polycystic ovary syndrome: A common but often unrecognized condition, J. Midwifery Women Health, 57, 221, 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00161.x · DOI
  35. Chen, 2008, Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected women from southern China, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 139, 59, 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.12.018 · DOI
  36. Moran, 2010, Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and related disorders in mexican women, Gynecol. Obstet. Investig., 69, 274, 10.1159/000277640 · DOI
  37. Goodarzi, 2005, Polycystic ovary syndrome in Mexican-Americans: Prevalence and association with the severity of insulin resistance, Fertil. Steril., 84, 766, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.03.051 · DOI
  38. Chan, 2017, Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A regional cross-sectional study, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 217, 189.e1, 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.04.007 · DOI
  39. Kouli, 1999, A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: Hormonal and metabolic profile, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84, 4006, 10.1210/jcem.84.11.6148 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Kyrkou, 2016, Metabolic syndrome in Greek women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Prevalence, characteristics and associations with body mass index. A prospective controlled study, Arch. Gynecol. Obstet., 293, 915, 10.1007/s00404-015-3964-y · DOI
  41. Azziz, 2011, Polycystic ovary syndrome: An ancient disorder?, Fertil. Steril., 95, 1544, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.032 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Wolf, W. M., Wattick, R. A., Kinkade, O. N., & Olfert, M. D.
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-11-20
Volume
15
Issue
11
Pages
2589
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph15112589
OpenAlex
W2900935950
Cited by
413
References
6
FWCI
28.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
West Virginia University (Hatch WVA00641)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.