Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria
Open accessAbstract
STUDY QUESTION: What is the prevalence, phenotype and metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the same population according to three different diagnostic criteria? SUMMARY ANSWER: The prevalence of PCOS under National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rotterdam and Androgen Excess and PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society criteria was 6.1, 19.9 and 15.3%, respectively. PCOS carried a 2-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome regardless of the diagnostic criteria used. WHAT IS KNOWN AND WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The prevalence rates of PCOS differ depending on the diagnostic criteria used to define the syndrome. The current paper gives the prevalence rates of the component and composite phenotypes of PCOS in the same population and reports similar rates of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS under contrasting diagnostic criteria. DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, 392 women between the ages of 18 and 45 years were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: When the prevalence of PCOS according to NIH was set to 8% with a precision of 2.2% and confidence interval of 95%, the sample size required for a prevalence survey was found to be 400 subjects. The study was carried out in the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, a government-based institute, in which the largest number of female staff (n = 527) are employed within a single institute in Ankara, Turkey. The study was performed between 7 December 2009 and 30 April 2010. All female subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 years were invited to participate. Women older than 45 or younger than 18 years, post-menopausal women, women with a history of hysterectomy or bilateral oopherectomy and pregnant women were excluded. Totally, 392 of the employees were recruited for the final analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The prevalence of PCOS under NIH, Rotterdam and AE-PCOS Society criteria were 6.1, 19.9 and 15.3%, respectively. While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6.1% in the whole study group, within the patients diagnosed as PCOS according to NIH, Rotterdam and AE-PCOS Society criteria, it was 12.5, 10.3 and 10.0%, respectively. BIAS, CONFOUNDING AND OTHER REASONS FOR CAUTION: Even though we have included women working at a single institution with a high response rate for the participation, we cannot exclude potential selection bias due to undetermined differences between our sample and background community. We might have underestimated actual prevalence of metabolic syndrome in PCOS due to lack of oral glucose tolerance test 2 h glucose data. GENERALIZABILITY TO OTHER POPULATIONS: Current results can be generalized to Caucasian populations and may present variations in other populations according to race and ethnicity. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This work was, in part, sponsored by Merck Serono. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Not applicable.
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Women with PCOS appear to have a higher rate of weight gain and a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity compared to women without PCOS.
“Women with PCOS appear to have a higher rate of weight gain and a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity, compared to women without PCOS [15,16,17].”
From Weight management interventions in women with and without PCOS: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Yildiz, B. O., Bozdag, G., Yapici, Z., Esinler, I., & Yarali, H.
- Affiliations
- Hacettepe University (TR)
- ORCID
- Esinler, I.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-09
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3067-3073
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2172288279
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 42.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hacettepe University Institutional Repository (hacettepe.edu.tr) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS diagnostic criteria, NIH criteria, Rotterdam criteria, PCOS prevalence, PCOS phenotypes, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic risk, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, women of reproductive age, Ankara
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hirsutism, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Phenotype, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Risk Factors, Turkey, Prevalence, Hyperandrogenism, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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