The effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary: While many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are overweight, obese or centrally obese, the effect of excess weight on the outcomes of PCOS is inconsistent. The review aimed to assess the effects of overweight, obesity and central obesity on the reproductive, metabolic and psychological features of PCOS. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, C ochrane C entral R egister of C ontrolled T rials (CENTRAL) and PSYCINFO were searched for studies reporting outcomes according to body mass index categories or body fat distribution. Data were presented as mean difference or risk ratio (95% confidence interval). This review included 30 eligible studies. Overweight or obese women with PCOS had decreased sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), increased total testosterone, free androgen index, hirsutism, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance index and worsened lipid profile. Obesity significantly worsened all metabolic and reproductive outcomes measured except for hirsutism when compared to normal weight women with PCOS. Overweight women had no differences in total testosterone, hirsutism, total‐cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol compared to normal weight women and no differences in SHBG and total testosterone compared to obese women. Central obesity was associated with higher fasting insulin levels. These results suggest that prevention and treatment of obesity is important for the management of PCOS.
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Obesity worsens the hormonal, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological features of PCOS.
“Obesity further exacerbates hormonal and clinical reproductive, metabolic and psychological features of PCOS (Lim et al. , 2013).”
From Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 2013
The Principal findings report worse reproductive and metabolic outcomes in obese women with PCOS, with hirsutism as an exception. The Clinical implications section also describes worse psychological features, but the Psychological health section says obesity only appears to contribute and that no included studies reported psychological outcomes. The unqualified claim that obesity worsens psychological features overstates that evidence. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWeight gain and obesity further worsen insulin resistance and consequently the overall features of PCOS.
“Weight gain and obesity further worsen insulin resistance and consequently the overall features of PCOS [9].”
From Providing lifestyle advice to women with PCOS: an overview of practical issues affecting success (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
Overweight and obesity negatively affect reproductive and metabolic features in women with PCOS.
“Moreover, overweight as well as obesity negatively affect reproductive and metabolic features (Lim et al., 2013;Glueck and Goldenberg, 2019).”
From Improvements in PCOS characteristics and phenotype severity during a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention (2021) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 2013
The severity of the presentation of PCOS characteristics is positively correlated with BMI.
“The severity of the presentation of PCOS characteristics is positively correlated with BMI (Lim et al., 2013;Glueck and Goldenberg, 2019), and a lifestyle intervention to achieve weight reduction is currently the first-line treatment (Teede”
From Improvements in PCOS characteristics and phenotype severity during a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention (2021) · cites this paper as Lim et al., 2013
Weight is a primary concern for women with PCOS because weight gain and obesity exacerbate insulin resistance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases.
“This is particularly important as weight is a primary concern for women with PCOS 51 because weight gain and obesity exacerbate insulin resistance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases in women with PCOS.52”
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The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence
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- Authors
- Lim, S. S., Norman, R. J., Davies, M. J., & Moran, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Norman, R. J.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-10-31
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 95-109
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W1943352132
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, overweight, abdominal obesity, body mass index, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, free androgen index, hirsutism, insulin resistance, insulin, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, body fat distribution
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Reproduction, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Body Mass Index
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