Body Satisfaction, Weight Stigma, Positivity, and Happiness among Spanish Adults with Overweight and Obesity
Open accessAbstract
Although previous evidence suggests that happiness is lower among individuals with obesity, research on the correlates of subjective well-being (SWB) is warranted to increase our knowledge. We aim to explore excess weight (i.e., measured and self-reported body mass index (BMI)), body image and satisfaction, self-stigma, positivity, and happiness among Spanish adults with overweight or obesity. We further aim to investigate the predictors of SWB in this sample. A convenience sample of 100 individuals with excess weight completed self-reports on the study variables and were weighed and their height measured. On average, the participants reported body perceptions revealing minor excessive weight, moderate body satisfaction, low-to-moderate weight-related stigma, and elevated positivity and happiness. BMI and gender/sex independently affected these variables, but there were no significant interaction effects. Furthermore, individuals with overweight or obesity with higher body satisfaction and elevated positivity were more likely to report being happy, independent of their age, gender/sex, weight, and weight-related stigma. Mediation effects were found for body satisfaction and positivity in the relationship between weight and happiness. Moreover, positive orientation suppressed the pervasive influence of stigma on SWB. Our findings confirm the key role of body image dimensions and weight-related stigma for happiness and add support to the relevance of positivity for overall well-being of individuals with excess weight. These results may inform obesity management actions focused on inclusive aesthetic models, combating social stigmatization and enhancing positivity for a flourishing and fulfilling life.
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Intersection of culture and gender norms creates overlapping expectations that individuals navigate, with deviation resulting in stigma, discrimination, or psychological distress.
“Moreover, the intersection of culture and gender norms presents a complex scenario where individuals navigate their way through overlapping expectations, striving to reconcile their personal body image with societal standards [161]. This navigation is fraught with challenges, as deviating from these prescribed norms can result in stigma, discrimination, or psychological distress.”
From Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
The Results (section 3.1) report different body ideals for men and women and higher weight-related self-stigma among women. The Introduction links excess weight with discrimination, stigma, and psychological distress. The paper does not establish that an intersection of cultural and gender norms creates overlapping expectations or that navigating those expectations causes these outcomes; the gender/sex-by-BMI interaction was not significant (section 3.2). (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Godoy-Izquierdo, D., González-Hernández, J., Rodríguez-Tadeo, A., Lara, R., Ogallar, A., Navarrón, E., Ramírez, M. J., López-Mora, C., & Arbinaga, F.
- Affiliations
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Universidad de Huelva (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Arbinaga, Félix
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4186
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7344457
- OpenAlex
- W3034235036
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva (Universidad de Huelva) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva (Universidad de Huelva) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Junta de Andalucía, España (CTS267, CTS980)
- Universidad Autónoma Ciudad Juárez, México (PIVA-ICB2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- body satisfaction, weight stigma, positivity, happiness, subjective well-being, obesity, overweight, body image, self-stigma, body mass index, gender differences, mediation, Spanish adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Weight, Female, Happiness, Humans, Male, Obesity, Personal Satisfaction, Spain, Body Mass Index, Overweight, Social Stigma
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