The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Students have been highly vulnerable to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, and researchers have shown that perceived stress and mental health problems have increased during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to reveal the prevalence of perceived stress and mental health among students during the pandemic and to explore predictors of stress levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 358 undergraduates from 14 universities in Turkey, including 200 female students (56%). The measurements used in the study were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perception of COVID Impact on Student Well-Being (CI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Physical Activity Scale (PA), and a sociodemographic survey. Students reported high perceived stress, mild generalized anxiety, and low satisfaction with life. More than half of the students met the diagnostic criteria of GAD (52%) and depression (63%). Female and physically inactive students had higher PSS-10 levels. A hierarchical linear regression model showed that after controlling for gender and negative CI, anxiety and physical inactivity significantly predicted high perceived stress. The study shows that students' mental health during the pandemic is at high risk.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“People who are more satisfied with their lives are expected to have a positive mood and successful academic activities (1, 2).”
From Investigating social media addiction and impact of social media addiction, loneliness, depression, life satisfaction and problem-solving skills on academic self-efficacy and academic success among university students (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06 · Cited by 5,898 · cited 1×
“Depression is one of the most common yet treatable mental health disorders [18].”
BackgroundThe psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934 · Cited by 5,843
The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population
Kroenke, K., Strine, T. W., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Berry, J. T., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026 · Cited by 5,121
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 · Cited by 4,307
COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature
Rajkumar, R. P. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066 · Cited by 3,574
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Lazarus, R.S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping, Springer Publishing Company.
- Bayar, 2015, An investigation of university students’ depression, anxiety and stress levels related to the different variables, J. Res. Educ. Teach., 4, 384
- Yamamoto, 2020, The coronavirus and the rising of online education, J. Univ. Res., 3, 25
- Behice, 2006, Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of perceived stress scale, J. Anatol. Nurs. Health Sci., 9, 58
- Coakes, S.J. (2005). SPSS: Analysis without Anguish: Version 12.0 for Windows, Wiley.
- Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., and Black, W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice Hall. [5th ed.].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–254 of 254
همام, ن. ع. (2022) · Al-Mağallah Al-ʿilmiyyaẗ Li Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Lil Ṭifūlaẗ Al-Mubakiraẗ - Ǧāmiʿaẗ Al-Manṣūraẗ · doi:10.21608/maml.2022.296644
KILIÇ, A. C., ALPTEKİN, S. E., & Karakuş, A. (2023) · International Journal of Machine Learning · doi:10.18178/ijml.2023.13.3.1138
Shkurti, E., & Shtiza, D. (2023) · Shiraz E-Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/semj-137263
Online Learning Modalities in the Paradigm Shift of Education: the Challenges and Opportunities
Coles, R. M. (2023) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-11901
Hashim, A. F. M., Othman, M. H., & Albert, W. K. G. (2023) · Sains Humanika · doi:10.11113/sh.v15n2.1995
Anandu, S., Prasanna, K. B. T., & Pradeep, T. S. (2023) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.58739/jcbs/v13i2.23.16
Physical and Psychological Reflections of the COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students
Göz, E., & Güç, E. (2023) · Humanistic Perspective · doi:10.47793/hp.1348661
Islam, M. M., Wesonga, R., Hasani, I. A., & Manei, A. A. (2023) · Maǧallaẗ ǧāmiʿaẗ al-Sulṭān Qābūs li-l-ʿulūm/Sultan Qaboos University journal for science · doi:10.53539/squjs.vol28iss1pp56-73
Indonesia and Malaysia Students’ Quality of Life After the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study
Sinaga, J. D., Sarif, M., & Hassan, S. A. (2023) · Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.17977/um001v8i22023p102-116 · Cited by 1
Topçu, S. Y., Özkan, Z. K., Orğan, E. M., Ünver, S., Soydaş, D., & Fındık, Ü. Y. (2023) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2023.11.009
Supporting Male Students in Female-Dominated Virtual Classrooms
Bates, D. (2023) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-8908-6.ch017
Gökmen, G. Y., & Keçelioğlu, Ş. (2024) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-230154
Rădoi, M., Apostol, A.-C., Irimescu, G., & Bostan, C. M. (2024) · Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala · doi:10.18662/rrem/16.1/837
COVID-19 ANXIETY AND STRESS STILL PERSIST IN PATIENTS POSTPONED ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURE DUE TO PANDEMIC
Gül, M. C., & Akkuş, M. (2024) · Atlas Universitesi Tip ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.54270/atljm.2024.50
Dokuzcan, D. A., Çevik, C., ÇEVİK, E., & Yaşar, Ö. (2024) · Minerva Psychiatry · doi:10.23736/s2724-6612.22.02385-5
Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F., Servín-Caamaño, A., Lajud-Barquín, F. A., & Tovar‐Aguilar, A. (2024) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México · doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2024.02.001 · Cited by 1
Rani, E., & Zaman, M. M. (2024) · Khulna University Studies · doi:10.53808/kus.2024.21.01.1044-ss
Nivel de estrés percibido con el estado nutricional en adolescentes
Parreño-Freire, C. M., Chiriboga-Guerrero, C. V., Salazar, S. V. M., & Gaibor, D. S. S. (2024) · Revista Científica de Salud BIOSANA · doi:10.62305/biosana.v4i3.158
Solmaz, G., & Aslan, İ. (2024) · Sağlık akademisyenleri dergisi/Sağlık akademisyenler dergisi · doi:10.52880/sagakaderg.1320508
Self-citationAbusahloub, I. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5246-1_11
Kemaloğlu, M. (2024) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1368115
Bingge, H., & Keat, O. B. (2024) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias · doi:10.56294/sctconf2024.1242
Stress Management Strategies for Postgraduate Students—A Curriculum Integrated Framework
Gupta, D., Bhanumathi, P., Jyothi, A., & Jayashree, S. (2024) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67890-5_80
Resiliensi dan Dukungan Sosial sebagai Faktor Protektif Stres Mengerjakan Skripsi
Yusitarini, A., & Hidayah, N. (2024) · Psyche 165 Journal · doi:10.35134/jpsy165.v17i4.461
Coming Back to Campus: Factors Contributing Post-COVID-19 Adjustment of University Students
Yavuz-Şala, F. C., Toker, S. N., Berber, K., Taşkın, E. E., Habeş, E. Ç., & Artar, M. (2024) · Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17152/gefad.1491688
Hung, D. K., & Tuong, N. V. (2025) · International Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Science · doi:10.56734/ijahss.v6n1a6
Saúde mental do estudante universitário no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão de escopo
Dias, F. A., Pereira, E. R., Silva, R. M. C. R. A., de Medeiros, A. Y. B. B. V., & Fabri, J. M. G. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0032pt
Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of stress among college students in Poland
Krzystyniak, E., Nawrot, P., Jonik, S., Borowiak, E., Krajewska, N., Maksym, J., Studzińska, A., & Mazurek, T. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-00480-2
Neurostressology: A Systematic Review of Eeg-Based Automated Mental Stress PerspectivesPreprint
Acharya, S., Khosravi, A., Creighton, D., Alizadehsani, R., & Acharya, U. R. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5178723
Hernández, A. F. S., & Cabrero, B. G. (2024) · Psicología Educativa · doi:10.22201/fpsic.24486957e.2024.12.23
la Tijera, F. H., Lajud-Barquín, F. A., & Tovar‐Aguilar, A. (2025) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México · doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2025.01.006
Odo, V. O., Onyishi, I. E., & Nwoke, M. B. (2025) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2025.2503436
Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F., Lajud-Barquín, F. A., & Tovar‐Aguilar, A. (2025) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2025.01.004
Güldemir, H. H., Saleki, N., Delice, B., Hacioglu, İ., & Yıldız, B. (2025) · Topics in Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1097/tin.0000000000000386
Atheef, M., & Rathnayake, A. (2025) · South-East Asian Journal of Medical Education · doi:10.4038/seajme.v19i1.609
Al‐Huseini, S., Qutishat, M., Jahan, F., Saadi, A. A., Albalushi, M., Al-Kalbani, M., Al-Ruhail, I., & Al-Maqbali, M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7023519/v1
Yüce, H., Keçelioğlu, Ş., Akçay, B., & Yilmaz, F. N. (2025) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10538127251378088
Chapter 5: Traversing methodological confinements
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.05
Chapter 6: Processing alternative methodologies
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.06
Chapter 10: There is liberation in breaking ‘rules’
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.10
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.01
Chapter 2: A double self-reflexivity
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.02
Chapter 3: Back to context: A system fractured, now grappling
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.03
Chapter 4: No words to tell! – shifting the paradigm
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.04
Chapter 8: De facto evidence of pedagogical disconnect
Moodley, D. L., & Craighead, C. (2025) · doi:10.4102/aosis.2025.bk524.08
Muzayanah, U., Muawanah, S., Wibowo, A. M., & Sofanudin, A. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2577910
İLK VE ACİL YARDIM PROGRAMI ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, UYGUNLUK VE PSİKOLOJİK DURUM İLİŞKİSİ
Göz, E., & Göz, A. (2026) · Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.24938/kutfd.1800630
Zhumagulova, N., Mireeva, A., Akhelova, S., Koshkimbayeva, G., Askarova, A., Taipova, M., Amirkhanova, A., Kartbayeva, E., Kudaibergenova, B., Кошербеков, Е. Т., et al. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14121708
Sánchez-Puertas, R. N., Bustamante, B., Torres-Montesinos, C., Paladines-Costa, M. B., & Ramírez, M. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1905033
University Students' Experiences During COVID-19: Insights from Online/Distance Education
KIVANÇ, R., & Aytekin, Ç. (2026) · Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.21020/husbfd.1834274
Öz, T., DEMİREL, Ö. B., & Yoldemir, T. (2026) · European Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.11138/ego.3
Metadata
- Authors
- Aslan, I., Ochnik, D., & Çınar, O.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey
- Akademia Śląska (PL)
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University (TR)
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 8961
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7729602
- OpenAlex
- W3108657110
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 17.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- perceived stress, student mental health, COVID-19 pandemic, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, life satisfaction, physical inactivity, gender differences, predictors of stress, university students
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological, Students, Turkey, Universities, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review