Dog Walking before and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: experiences of Uk dog owners.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impacts of the first COVID-19 UK lockdown on dog walking and ownership. METHODS: An online survey was circulated via social media (May-June 2020). Completed responses (n = 584) were analysed using within- and between-group comparisons, and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were created. Open-ended data were coded into key themes. RESULTS: During lockdown, dogs were walked less frequently, yet for a similar duration per week and closer to home. Dogs whose owners lived alone, or whose owners or household members had heightened vulnerability to COVID-19 were walked less than before, as were high-energy dogs. A minority of owners continued dog walking despite exhibiting symptoms or needing to self-isolate, justifying lack of help, dog behavioural problems, living in less populated areas, and the importance of outdoor exercise for their mental health. Dog ownership had multiple benefits (companionship, purpose and motivation; break from bad; positive to focus on) as well as challenges (changes in dog behaviour, balancing dog needs with public health guidance, accessing pet food/supplies and services, and sharing crowded outdoor spaces with others). Most did not have an emergency care plan for their pet before the pandemic and only a handful developed one. CONCLUSIONS: Findings can be used to inform public health and dog welfare strategies for future lockdown situations or other disasters and emergencies likely to impact on daily routines.
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Walking a dog and being a dog owner have been associated with lower depression.
“Because walking a dog and being a dog owner have been associated with lower depression, these were categorized as protective factors (37–39).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
The Introduction says dog walking has mental-health benefits and reports that pet ownership was protective against reduced mental health during lockdown. The Results (§3.8) also describe perceived benefits of caring for a dog, but the paper does not establish an association between either dog walking or dog ownership and lower depression specifically. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDog ownership and dog walking can be considered protective factors during lockdown.
“Dog ownership and dog walking can therefore be considered protective factors during lockdown (37–39).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Owczarczak-Garstecka, S. C., Graham, T. M., Archer, D. C., & Westgarth, C.
- Affiliations
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Westgarth, Carri
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-06-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6315
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8296116
- OpenAlex
- W3171307858
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 5.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- dog walking, COVID-19 lockdown, dog ownership, human-dog relationship, pet welfare, self-isolation, emergency care planning, outdoor exercise, mental health, living alone, disaster preparedness
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Communicable Disease Control, Dogs, United Kingdom, Humans, Ownership, Walking, Pets, Pandemics
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