The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modifications in Glass Ionomer Cements: Nano-Sized Fillers and Bioactive Nanoceramics
Open accessAbstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, the reduced mechanical strength and wear resistance of GIC limit its application in high-stress regions like molars.”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, these materials play a significant role in enhancing aesthetics, especially in the field of pediatric dentistry, where modified resin-based bioactive materials offer a more visually appealing alternative to conventional glass ionomer cement [62].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The increased expense of bioactive materials in comparison to conventional options limits their availability, especially in low-resource environments where cost-effectiveness is a significant issue [62].”
From Minimally Invasive Techniques for Managing Dental Caries in Children: Efficacy, Applications, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration
Le Guéhennec, L., Soueidan, A., Layrolle, P., & Amouriq, Y. (2007) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.025 · Cited by 2,406 · cited 1×
“Key applications of nanotechnology in dentistry include implant surface modifications [62], production of reinforced polymeric composites by incorporation of nano-sized particles [60], and caries prevention [63].”
BackgroundA Critical Review of the Durability of Adhesion to Tooth Tissue: Methods and Results
Munck, J. D., LANDUYT, K. L. V., Peumans, M., Poitevin, A., Lambrechts, P., Braem, M. J. A., & MEERBEEK, B. V. (2005) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/154405910508400204 · Cited by 1,990 · cited 2×
“A more critical problem associated with such aesthetic restorations is the absence of therapeutic remineralization of caries-affected dentin and the poor durability/integrity of the resin–dentin interface during aging [34].”
BackgroundAn, G., Li, W.-H., Yan, T., & Li, S.-T. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms150610479 · Cited by 1,326
Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics
Najeeb, S., Zafar, M. S., Khurshid, Z., & Siddiqui, F. (2015) · Journal of Prosthodontic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpor.2015.10.001 · Cited by 920 · cited 1×
“In contrast to “bioinert” materials such as resin composites, dental silver amalgam, and porcelain, bioactive restorations have a more positive effect on remineralization and tissue regeneration [37].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWiegand, A., Buchalla, W., & Attin, T. (2006) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/j.dental.2006.01.022 · Cited by 912 · cited 1×
“At high concentrations, fluoride has been thought to reduce the rate of demineralization, enhance the remineralization process, inhibit the growth, and attachment of bacteria on tooth surfaces and impede the formation of a complex bacteria biofilm [117].”
BackgroundCraig's Restorative Dental Materials
Sakaguchi, R., & Powers, J. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2010-0-65754-3 · Cited by 640
Mechanical properties and microstructures of glass-ionomer cements
Xie, D., Brantley, W. A., Culbertson, B. M., & Wang, G. (2000) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/s0109-5641(99)00093-7 · Cited by 518 · cited 4×
“Generally, a smaller particle size and higher packing density of fillers improves compression strength and hardness of GICs, whereas larger particles can lead to a higher wear resistance [39].”
BackgroundInfluentialChemistry of glass-ionomer cements: a review
Nicholson, J. W. (1998) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00128-2 · Cited by 446 · cited 2×
“The final “maturation” of t e cement may take several months while the aluminum ions may be released slowly and binding of water by the acid and glass takes place [18].”
BackgroundMurdoch‐Kinch, C. A., & McLean, M. E. (2003) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2003.0021 · Cited by 434
Update on Dental Nanocomposites
Chen, M. (2010) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034510363765 · Cited by 417
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Wilson, A.D., and Nicholson, J.W. (2005). Acid-Base Cements: Their Biomedical and Industrial Applications, Cambridge University Press.
- Yamaga, 1972, Diammine silver fluoride and its clinical application, J. Osaka Univ. Dent. Sch., 12, 1
- Powers, J.M., and Wataha, J.C. (2014). Dental Materials: Properties and Manipulation, Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Ahmed, 2014, . Effects of wear on hardness and stiffness of restorative dental materials, Life Sci. J., 11, 11
- Ullah, 2015, Oral and dental delivery of fluoride: A review, Fluoride, 48, 195
- Zafar, 2015, Therapeutic roles of fluoride released from restorative dental materials, Fluoride, 48, 184
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–193 of 193
Elbahrawy, E., & Attia, R. (2020) · doi:10.21608/edj.2020.25914.1072 · Cited by 7
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review
Dobrzyński, M., Klimas, S., Kotela, A., Majchrzak, Z., Kensy, J., Laszczyńska, M., Świenc, W., Grychowska-Gąsior, N., Fast, M., & Matys, J. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18235350 · Cited by 6
Gürler, S., Demirel, A., & Buyuksungur, A. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-05339-7 · Cited by 6
“In addition, since glass hybrid materials are applied with a light-cured surface coating material containing nano-filled resin, the success of the material is at a level to compete with resin-containing systems [1, 4, 6, 12, 13].”
Fabrication and characterization of novel glass-ionomer cement prepared from oyster shells
Thbayh, K. K., Albadr, R., Ziadan, K., Thbayh, D. K., Mohi, S., & Fiser, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75040-w · Cited by 6
“…and sorption (WA) were calculated according to a glass cement standard (Cave, Germany, Lot 2033134, ISO 9917-1:2007) using the following equations 15,18,21 : The second Fick equation was used to calculate the diffusion coefficient, by using Stefan’s approximation as follows 22,23 : where t (s)…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRangel-Coelho, J. P., Gogolla, P., Meyer, M., Simão, L. C., Costa, B., Casarin, R. V., Santamaria, M. P., Teixeira, L., Peruzzo, D., Lisboa-Filho, P., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30834 · Cited by 6
Thomas, H., Singh, N., Thomas, A., Masih, S., Cherian, J., & Varghese, K. (2023) · European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1007/s40368-023-00853-8 · Cited by 6
“Due to the ease of manipulation and its acceptable aesthetics, conventional GIC is frequently used to restore posterior primary teeth (Najeeb et al. 2016).”
A comparative microleakage analysis of ion-releasing self-adherable materials
Recen, D., & Yazkan, B. (2021) · Journal of Stomatology · doi:10.5114/jos.2021.111617 · Cited by 6
“Many modifications have been performed to conventional GICs to discard disadvantages of brittleness, which may lead to fracture, poor wear resistance, inadequate sur face properties, and moisture sensitivity [6].”
BackgroundRecent advancements in glass ionomer materials with introduction of nanotechnology: A review
Alotaibi, G. (2019) · International journal of oral care & research · doi:10.4103/injo.injo_17_19 · Cited by 6
“[12] that the combined incorporation of HAp and zirconia (HAp/ZrO2) at concentrations of 4% volume to the GIC powder can improve the mechanical properties of the set GIC.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKhan, A. S., Khan, R., Khan, M., & Rehman, I. U. (2019) · Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815886-9.00005-x · Cited by 6
Self-citationBehlau, A., Behlau, I., Payer, M., Leitinger, G., Hanscho, K., Kqiku, L., & Glockner, K. (2024) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb15110325 · Cited by 5
Rini, A. D. K., Juwita, F. T., Bagjana, R. W., Octivany, S., Purnama, R. B., Rijal, M. S., Anwar, A. M., Purwasasmita, B. S., & Asri, L. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.35472 · Cited by 5
Jaber, G. S., Khashan, K., Abbas, M., & Ibrahim, N. A. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jics.2023.100879 · Cited by 5
Hu, X., Xu, L., Fu, X., Huang, J., Ji, P., Zhang, Z., Deng, F., & Wu, X. (2021) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d1nr00696g · Cited by 7
Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Two Base Materials. An In vitro Comparative study
Younis, S., & Alaa, E. (2020) · doi:10.21608/edj.2020.26757.1089 · Cited by 5
Ezzeldin, N., Elshishtawy, H., El-Borady, O., & Mohamed, M. (2019) · Egyptian dental journal · doi:10.21608/edj.2019.73997 · Cited by 5
“It is being used in many dental applications as restoration of primary teeth, class V restorations, cementation of crowns, restoration by sandwich technique and as restorative materials in atraumatic restorative therapy [8,9].”
BackgroundInfluence of Energy Beverages on the Surface Texture of Glass lonomer Restorative Materials.
Al-Samadani, K. (2017) · Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2153 · Cited by 5
Ünal, M., Topal, B., & Hazman, Ö. (2024) · Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.5336/dentalsci.2023-99038 · Cited by 5
Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials Response to Its Color Stability with Effect of Energy Beverages
Al-Samadani, K., & Patil, S. (2017) · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1447 · Cited by 5
Nejatian, T., Khurshid, Z., Zafar, M. S., Najeeb, S., Zohaib, S., Mazafari, M., Hopkinson, L., & Sefat, F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100961-1.00005-0 · Cited by 19
Self-citationAL-Kaff, A. A., Alshehri, A. Z., Alasmari, R. A., Alsubaie, N., Aldaws, A., Althaqeel, A., Alshehri, R. S., & Alawaji, Y. M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.87450 · Cited by 5
“Future advancements in modifications utilizing nanotechnology are focused on enhancing the strength, wear resistance, and fluoride-releasing capabilities of glass ionomer cement by integrating nanofillers and bioactive nanoceramics [62].”
InfluentialTsuchiya, K., Sidhu, S., Sauro, S., Matinlinna, J. P., Sano, H., Yamauti, M., Hoshika, S., Tsoi, J. K., & Tomokiyo, A. (2026) · E -journal of dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2026.106349 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAbdelshafi, M. A., Soliman, H., & Abdelaziz, D. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06552-8 · Cited by 4
“…working and hardening times, and a noteworthy enhancement in their physical-chemical and mechanical properties, including; biocompatibility, excellent bonding to dental structures, minimum solubility, low shrinkage and the remineralization effect by the way of persistent fluoride release [25].”
Borges, R., Santos, K. F., Pelosine, A. M., Ferraz, E., Cesar, P. F., & Marchi, J. (2024) · Materials letters (General ed.) · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135366 · Cited by 4
Hasan, Z. R., Al-Hasani, N. R., & Malallah, O. (2023) · Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry · doi:10.26477/jbcd.v35i4.3505 · Cited by 4
Nugraeni, Y., Hartami, E., & Ummah, A. N. (2020) · doi:10.14693/jdi.v27i2.1155 · Cited by 4
Balgi, P., Katge, F., Pradhan, D., Shetty, S., Rusawat, B., & Pol, S. (2017) · Ceylon Medical Journal · doi:10.4038/cmj.v62i3.8522 · Cited by 4
“It also enhances fluoride release and bioactivity of the material [4].”
BackgroundEffendi, M., Pratiwi, A. R., Afifah, F., & Taufiq, A. (2021) · Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences · doi:10.11113/mjfas.v17n4.2192 · Cited by 4
“Furthermore, HA improves the mechanical properties of GIC through ionic interaction between polyacrylic acid in GIC and apatite crystals in HA [12].”
Megahed, O. N., Abdelhamid, M., Elwassefy, N. A., Youssef, A. M., El-Damarawi, G., & Bakr, N. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-39521-4 · Cited by 3
“The antimicrobial agents (i.e., SrO) are important to be added to the polymer matrix to improve the antibacterial capacity of these materials, due to their cariostatic effects 83–85 .”
Ganesh, S., Paulraj, J., Maiti, S., Mohanraj, K., & Jayaraman, S. (2025) · Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · doi:10.4103/jcde.jcde_388_25 · Cited by 3
“[7] However, despite these promising advancements, concerns regarding the chemical composition and potential toxicity of synthetic nanoparticles remain a topic of debate, hindering their widespread clinical acceptance.”
Kamal, R., Hassan, R., & Shaalan, O. (2024) · Advanced Dental Journal · doi:10.21608/adjc.2023.169905.1179 · Cited by 3
“This could be attributed to the shock absorbing rubberized resin matrix that accounts for the minimal surface changes that might take place as well as the bioactive ionic resin matrix, and reactive ionomer glass fillers [11] .”
BackgroundInfluentialIşık, H. Y., & Çilingir, A. (2023) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb14070367 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, studies have been carried out to improve their physical and mechanical properties and antibacterial activity [12,13].”
BackgroundZaki, Z. M., Nagi, S., Abdelnabi, A., Hanna, A. A., Elkassas, D., Zaazou, M. H., & Niazy, M. (2022) · Bulletin of the National Research Centre · doi:10.1186/s42269-022-00799-9 · Cited by 3
“Lately, studies have advocated integration of nanoclusters and/or nano-sized particles such as zinc, titanium dioxide, silver, gold and zirconia to enhance the low physical and mechanical properties of conventional GIC and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) (Najeeb et al. 2016; Khurshid et al. 2015).”
BackgroundEssa, M., Nassar, A., & Attia, R. (2022) · Egyptian Dental Journal /Egyptian Dental Journal · doi:10.21608/edj.2022.113865.1933 · Cited by 5
“Additionally, bioactive glass-based restoration composed of silicon, sodium, calcium, and phosphorous oxides and specific percentages; of fluoride and calcium that are released in contact with saliva can mechanically occlude dentinal tubules and lower the permeability levels of the teeth and decrease post-operative hy…”
Idrees, Q., Gul, N., Fareed, M. A., Mian, S. A., Muzaffar, D., Nasir, M., Chaudhry, A., Akhtar, S., Ahmed, S. Z., & Khan, A. S. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14247507 · Cited by 3
Self-citationRahman, F. S. A., Mohamad, D., Hasan, H., & Osman, H. (2021) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-24 · Cited by 3
Nano Glass Ionomers - A Review
Padmaja, S., Somasundaram, J., & Sivaswamy, V. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12359 · Cited by 3
Abozaid, D., Asharf, M., Mohamed, P. A., Mohamed, M., Elwakeel, E., & Azab, A. (2026) · Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43088-026-00742-1 · Cited by 2
P, S., Ks, H., S., G., Jannu, A. A., Kusugal, P., & Ruttonji, Z. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.98281 · Cited by 2
Muthukumaran, V., Paulraj, J., Maiti, S., & Arunprakash, R. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3296 · Cited by 2
“11,12 Structural characterization is another essential aspect in evaluating the performance of this enhanced GIC.”
Sena, L. D. G., Meyer, M. D., Ricardo, M. G., Araújo, I. J. D. S., Rontani, J. P., Pecorari, V., Martinez, E. F., Teixeira, L., Nociti-Júnior, F., Lisboa-Filho, P., et al. (2025) · Brazilian Oral Research · doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2025.vol39.059 · Cited by 2
Liang, X., Zhou, D., Yu, B., Zhong, H., & He, J. (2025) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202500474 · Cited by 1
Vasudevan, S., Paulraj, J., & Maiti, S. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3179 · Cited by 2
Banu, N., Arali, V., Gunasekaran, S., & Mahalakshmi, P. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3157 · Cited by 2
“23 Another study reinforcing luting GIC with nano-HA reported enhanced shear bond strengths of HA-modified GIC compared to nonreinforced one and RMGIC luting agent.”
Murariu, M., Paint, Y., Murariu, O., Laoutid, F., & Dubois, P. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15040799 · Cited by 2
“The ionic interactions and/or the creation of new ionic bonds/interactions, i.e., between Zn2+ and Ca2+ as cations, with SO42− and −COO− anions, respectively, could be (hypothetically) responsible for the good compatibility/interfacial properties between PP and filler, and finally, can explain the thermo-mechanical pe…”
BackgroundInfluentialAlkhalaf, R., Rosa, T., Vieira, F. G., Neves, A., Hosey, M., & Banerjee, A. (2022) · Dental Update · doi:10.12968/denu.2022.49.8.651 · Cited by 2
Preparation of Glass Ionomer Cement from Recycled Low Alumina Glass
Al-Tae'e, S. S., Almitwalli, O. M., & Farid, S. B. (2020) · doi:10.33640/2405-609x.1410 · Cited by 2
Dobrzyński, W., Klimas, S., Majchrzak, Z., Kensy, J., Gajewska, M., Nikodem, A., Małyszek, A., Dobrzyński, M., Matys, J., & Mikulewicz, M. (2026) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma19163393 · Cited by 1
Kensy, J., Kotela, A., Wenderski, J., Małyszek, A., Dobrzyński, M., & Matys, J. (2026) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma19132827 · Cited by 1
“…fill the spaces between cement particles more effectively, increasing the density of the cement matrix and improving stress distribution throughout the material, potentially resolving the trade-off between mechanical strength and the biological benefits of traditional GIC formulations [31–34].”
Chen, X., Inoue, G., Sekiguchi, H., Fan, L., Ning, B.-Y., Takamatsu, M., Ohya, T., & Shimada, Y. (2026) · Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102694 · Cited by 1
Comparative Radiopacity Evaluation of Dental Materials Used in Vital Pulp Therapy
Sarımehmehtoğlu, N., & Özdemir, B. (2025) · Essentials of Dentistry · doi:10.5152/essentdent.2025.25059 · Cited by 1
“6 To overcome the disadvantages of conventional GICs, modified materials such as Zirconomer (zirconia-reinforced GIC) and Amalgomer (ceramic-reinforced GIC) have been developed.”
Kaplan, C., Secerli, J., Şavluk, M., Akgün, Ö., Bacanlı, M. G., & Ünal, N. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-07556-0 · Cited by 1
“To address this, bioactive components such as glass particles, metal ions, antibacterial agents and nanoparticles have been incorporated into GIC formulations [6].”
Alex, A., Paulraj, J., Pretty, T. N., & Maiti, S. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3357 · Cited by 1
“10 By incorporating nanoparticles, investigators have achieved enhancements in the physical performance of GIC, addressing its inherent limitations and improving its interaction with dental hard tissues.”
Biohybrid Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Asadi, A., Mohammadi, E., & Hosseinpour, S. (2025) · Advances in Applied NanoBio-Technologies · doi:10.18502/aanbt.v6i3.18618 · Cited by 1
Saatchifard, A., Nezafati, N., & Hesaraki, S. (2025) · E -journal of dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2025.106126 · Cited by 1
Liang, X., Zhou, D., Yu, B., Zhong, H., & He, J. (2025) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107177
Influence of luting cement on the biomechanical behavior of Bioflx crowns
Waly, A., Yousief, S. A., Moteea, M. E., Samadah, M. S. A., & Elfezary, M. T. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06339-x · Cited by 1
“Its fluoride release and ease of application make it a cost-effective option, particularly for high-caries-risk populations [21, 22] – [23].”
The Growth-Inhibitory Effect of Glass Ionomer Liners Reinforced with Fluoride-Modified Nanotubes
Jesús-Pascual, R. D., Salmerón-Valdés, E. N., Morales-Valenzuela, A. A., Jiménez-Rojas, V., Correa-Prado, R., Lara-Carrillo, E., Toral-Rizo, V. H., Chanes‐Cuevas, O. A., Enríquez, U. V., Morales‐Luckie, R. A., et al. (2025) · Inorganics · doi:10.3390/inorganics13060190 · Cited by 1
Lee, G., Kim, H., Hong, M.-H., & Lee, J.-H. (2025) · THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY · doi:10.5933/jkapd.2025.52.2.152 · Cited by 1
“Equia Forte HT Fil (GC Corporation) is one of the glass-hybrid restorative materials, and the manufacturer claims that its enhanced reactivity leads to a significant improvement in its mechanical properties[4].”
Paulraj, J., Maiti, S., & Palani, H. (2025) · International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1484 · Cited by 1
Amer, N. (2024) · Journal of Fundamental and Clinical Research · doi:10.21608/jfcr.2024.245820.1061 · Cited by 1
“10-13 Aiming to overcome this main disadvantage, Dionysopoulos et al recommended the use of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) solution, as a chemo-catalytic technique to improve and accelerate the maturation process of GICs.”
Ghilotti, J., Alzina-Cendra, A., Sanz, J., Forner, L., & Llena, C. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13020991 · Cited by 1
Synthesis of Silica/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite by Mechanochemical Method
Hannora, A., & Mostafa, M. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-566561/v1 · Cited by 1
Evolution of Modified Glass Ionomer Cements: A Review
Mohanty, S., & Kalimireddy, P. L. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.13086 · Cited by 1
Lascano, L. B., Mazzola, I., & Molina, G. (2018) · Methodo Investigación Aplicada a las Ciencias Biológicas · doi:10.22529/me.2018.3(3)07 · Cited by 1
“También se reportan acciones antibacterianas de nanopartículas de plata que potencian la capacidad inhibitoria del crecimiento bacteriano atribuida a la presencia y liberación de flúor y estroncio de estos cementos.(4-5) De igual modo, algunas formulaciones de cementos de ionómero vítreo de alta viscosidad finalizan l…”
BackgroundNanotecnología en Odontología: Aspectos generales y posibles aplicaciones.
Molina, G., & Palma, S. (2018) · Methodo Investigación Aplicada a las Ciencias Biológicas · doi:10.22529/me.2018.3(3)03 · Cited by 1
“Por esta razón se han propuesto diferentes modificaciones que puedan optimizar la resistencia de los cementos al desgaste, a la fatiga, a la compresión y a la flexión, entre las cuales se incluye la incorporación de nanopartículas de plata, oro, hidroxiapatita o cinc.(26-28) Por otra parte, existe otra línea de materi…”
BackgroundGanesh, S., Paulraj, J., & Maiti, S. (2026) · Annals of Dental Specialty · doi:10.51847/mrljvvlef7 · Cited by 1
Facio, R. C., Vieira-Júnior, W. F., Basting, R. T., Turssi, C. P., do Amaral, F. L. B., & França, F. M. G. (2022) · Brazilian Dental Science · doi:10.4322/bds.2022.e3505
“Fluoride-releasing restorative materials have been developed because the fluoride released from these materials could reduce the effects of demineralizing events, likewise, enhance tooth remineralization [11,12].”
BackgroundInfluentialAlhussain, B., Alghrairy, L., Alrizqi, A. H., Alharbi, F., Alrizqi, A. A., Alkhamsi, H. B., Alassiri, S., & AlOmran, H. M. (2022) · Annals of Dental Specialty · doi:10.51847/7uz66pcpnm · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, the existing state and prospects of nano-modified glass ionomers have been evaluated [6].”
Zaki, Z. M., Niazy, M., Zaazou, M. H., Nagi, S., & Elkassas, D. (2021) · Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls · doi:10.21608/adjg.2021.22941.1219 · Cited by 1
“Among these modifications resin- modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their easier application, extended working time, superior mechanical properties and immediate finishing and polishing procedures following light curing.”
BackgroundInfluentialKazi, F. M., Farhan, T., Uddin, M. K. H., Parvez, K., Mustafa, G., Zafar, M. S., & Khurshid, Z. (2026) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2026.111230
Self-citationSaleh, A., Diab, M. I., Farag, M. S., & Badawy, R. (2026) · Adolescência e Saúde · doi:10.67440/ahj.vi.2405
“Zirconomer Improved, was introduced to provide the strength of amalgam along with the fluoride benefits of GICs [7].”
Comparative in Vitro Analysis of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements for Young Patients
Harane, S., Sawarkar, R., Satange, S., Wakode, S., Umekar, M., & Kale, V. V. (2026) · Adolescência e Saúde · doi:10.67440/ahj.vi.2133
“[8] The .”
Mrózek, M., Kejzlar, P., Louda, P., Lietz-Kijak, D., Skomro, P., Jezierska, K., Rowińska, K., Szczucka, L., Adach, K., Fijałkowski, M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb17080382
“Researchers have focused primarily on modifying the chemical composition and structure of both the glass ionomer and polyalkenoic acid, as well as on the incorporation of advanced reinforcing fillers, with nanomaterials playing a significant role [2,13–15].”
Vrabie, A.-T., Panaite, T., Dragomir, B. R., Stoleriu, S., Ghiorghe, A. C., Nica, I., Murariu, A. M., Andrian, S., & Iovan, G. (2026) · Prosthesis · doi:10.3390/prosthesis8070071
“…reinforced with ultrafine reactive glass particles, ceramic fillers, and zirconia particles, coated with a nano-filled resin, to enhance their mechanical and clinical performance, particularly fracture resistance, wear resistance, surface hardness, and marginal adaptation [3,15,18,26–29] (Table 6).”
Bhat, H., Jasuja, P., Khurana, H., Koul, R., & Sharma, S. (2026) · Dental Journal of Advance Studies · doi:10.5005/djas-11014-0103
Arjun, A., Jairam, L. S., Koparde, A. A., & Premkumar, H. (2026) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2026.116900
Saçan, Ş., Bakır, E., Kavak, D., & Kandemir, S. (2026) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-026-08447-8
“…been developed by incorporating secondary phase particles into the powder and/or liquid components of GICs, including resins, metals, ceramics, and glass fiber particles, with the aim of improving their mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, as well as their antibacterial activity [10].”
Reinforcement of Glass Ionomer Cement by Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle Substitution
Jaber, Z. A. (2026) · Dentistry 3000 · doi:10.5195/d3000.2026.1227
Bronzino, I., Kamnoedboon, P., & Özcan, M. (2026) · Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01694243.2026.2625368
“This feature significantly affects physical and mechanical properties of the material [14].”
Evaluation of bioactive glass primer on dentin bonding durability and interface properties
Aburto, M., Escobar, J., Muñoz, M. A., & Luque-Martínez, I. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-07399-9
Mishra, K., Pattanshetti, K., Dubey, A., Bangani, A., Gupta, A., & Ravindran, L. (2025) · Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry · doi:10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_173_25
Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of self-adhesive glass ionomer cement
Kamil, S. S. (2025) · Romanian Journal of Stomatology · doi:10.37897/rjs.2025.1.4
“The increase in fluoride uptake can be explained by the filler particles in GIC being surrounded by a well-established glass ionomer matrix [36].”
Elmwafy, D., & Abdelghany, A. (2024) · Advanced Dental Journal · doi:10.21608/adjc.2023.201359.1281
“14 In our study, micro hardness and wear has been increased by increasing precured nanofilled composite concentration in glass ionomer cement, this is in agreement with Rahman et al 15 who have concluded that the microhardness of nano hydroxyapetite silica glass ionmer cement using unlike formulations by wt % of SiO 2…”
ResultCập nhật vật liệu gắn nha khoa
Van, P. (2024) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG · doi:10.59294/hiujs.28.2024.583
de Souza, D. V., Drummond, G. W. B., Renno, A., Takeshita, W., & Ribeiro, D. (2023) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-023-00137-1
“They present the property of inducing the repair process and preserving the exposure of healthy tissue [2].”
Beloplotov, D., Savkin, K., Semin, V., & Sorokin, D. (2023) · Ceramics · doi:10.3390/ceramics6030090
Matsuki, Y., Sato, H., Kajimoto, N., Uyama, E., Horiuchi, S., Sekine, K., Tanaka, E., & Hamada, K. (2022) · Dental materials journal · doi:10.4012/dmj.2021-322
Su, W., Shi, J., Cheng, Y., Lei, L., & Li, H.-X. (2021) · Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · doi:10.7518/hxkq.2021.03.016
“变浅,无探诊出血,骨位置稳定,牙周炎症得到 有效控制,临床评估无咬合创伤存在,这些均有 利于 46牙的长期疗效维持。提示即使是根分叉病 变,若患者重视能坚持维护口腔卫生,在炎症复 发的情况下及时发现病因并进行干预,也能获得 有效的治疗。 根分叉病变可能会诱发牙髓病变([12])。病例中 46牙根分叉区骨吸收近根尖 1/3,虽然术前患者没 有明显的牙髓症状,但牙周袋内有大量的细菌、 毒素,而根尖处还可能存在侧支根管、根尖分歧 和管间吻合等通道,这些通道的存在增加了细菌、 毒素逆行感染牙髓的概率,从而引起牙髓炎症([13])。 牙周治疗如龈下刮治、局部药物的使用和牙周损 伤可能会加速牙髓炎症并引发相关的疾病([14])。因 此对于重度…”
BackgroundBahgat, H. A., Alshaia, A., Abdullah, A. A., Aldubayan, A. A. H., Al-Urifan, S. I., & Ayad, N. M. (2019) · Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research · doi:10.36348/sjodr.2019.v04i10.011
Modifiye Cam İyonomer Simanlar: Güncel bir yaklaşım
Sari, M. E., & Ibiş, S. (2019) · Selcuk Dental Journal · doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.310844
van Vliet, E. (2019) · doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(98)00013-7
“…physical and mechanical properties appears to be the main theme throughout the development of GICs (Smith, 1998; Mohd Zainal Abidin et al., 2015; Goldberg, 2008; Silva et al., 2016; Najeeb et al., 2016; Moshaverinia et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2017; Senthil Kumar et al., 2017; Noorani et al., 2017).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Najeeb, S., Khurshid, Z., Zafar, M., Khan, A., Zohaib, S., Martí, J., Sauro, S., Matinlinna, J., & Rehman, I.
- Affiliations
- Al-Farabi College (SA)
- King Faisal University (SA)
- Taibah University (SA)
- COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU (ES)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rehman, Ihtesham
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-07-14
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1134
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4964507
- OpenAlex
- W2465238864
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CEU Repositorio Institucional (Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental materials and restorations
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Keywords
- glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, fluoride release, bioactivity (biomaterials), mechanical properties, bond strength, secondary caries, dental restorative materials
- MeSH terms
- Ceramics, Dental Cements, Glass Ionomer Cements, Humans, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
