The DOI matches its Crossref record; 206 of the 209 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPARα
Open accessAbstract
Ketogenesis and ketolysis are central metabolic processes activated during the response to fasting. Ketogenesis is regulated in multiple stages, and a nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) is one of the key transcription factors taking part in this regulation. PPARα is an important element in the metabolic network, where it participates in signaling driven by the main nutrient sensors, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induces hormonal mediators, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This work describes the regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis in normal and malignant cells and briefly summarizes the positive effects of ketone bodies in various neuropathologic conditions.
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“This adaptation spares glucose, facilitating sustained fat loss without the loss of lean mass.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Ketone body production (ketogenesis) is crucial for energy provision during caloric restriction, as it reduces glucose demand and muscle breakdown.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Individuals with high PPAR-α expression or activity adapt more readily to fat oxidation, entering ketosis more efficiently.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“PPAR-α is a transcription factor that upregulates enzymes involved in ketogenesis, such as HMG-CoA synthase.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Polymorphisms in the PPARA gene can affect the degree of ketogenic adaptation, influencing fat oxidation rates during caloric deficit [75,76].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
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Cites
TSC2 Mediates Cellular Energy Response to Control Cell Growth and Survival
Inoki, K., Zhu, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00929-2 · Cited by 3,914
AMPK Phosphorylation of Raptor Mediates a Metabolic Checkpoint
Gwinn, D. M., Shackelford, D. B., Egan, D. F., Mihaylova, M. M., Mery, A., Vasquez, D. S., Turk, B. E., & Shaw, R. J. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.003 · Cited by 3,849
Watterson, K. R., Bestow, D., Gallagher, J. R., Hamilton, D. L., Ashford, F. B., Meakin, P. J., & Ashford, M. L. J. (2012) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000334144 · Cited by 3,395
Defining the role of mTOR in cancer
Guertin, D. A., & Sabatini, D. M. (2007) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.05.008 · Cited by 2,833
The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease
Youm, Y.-H., Nguyen, K. Y., Grant, R. W., Goldberg, E. L., Bodogai, M., Kim, D., D'Agostino, D., Planavsky, N., Lupfer, C., Kanneganti, T. D., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3804 · Cited by 2,172
Cleland, W. W. (1963) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/0006-3002(63)91800-6 · Cited by 2,092
Roles of PPARs in health and disease
Kersten, S., Desvergne, B., & Wahli, W. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35013000 · Cited by 1,956
Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells
Göttlicher, M., Minucci, S., Zhu, P., Krämer, O. H., Schimpf, A., Giavara, S., Sleeman, J. P., Coco, F. L., Nervi, C., Pelicci, P. G., et al. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.24.6969 · Cited by 1,930
The kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with two or more substrates or products
Cleland, W. W. (1963) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Specialized Section on Enzymological Subjects · doi:10.1016/0926-6569(63)90211-6 · Cited by 1,915
Suppression of Oxidative Stress by β-Hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenous Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
Shimazu, T., Hirschey, M. D., Newman, J., He, W., Shirakawa, K., Le Moan, N., Grueter, C. A., Lim, H., Saunders, L. R., Stevens, R. D., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1227166 · Cited by 1,777
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Items 301–305 of 305
Moh, M. C., Lim, B. K., Pandian, B., Kosnan, D. B., Seow, V. V., Pang, K. R., Phoon, S. M., Luah, Y. M., Han, J., Lee, T. Y., et al. (2026) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-026-04749-7
Ketogenic Diet: A Metabolic Key to Overcoming Cancer Therapy Resistance
Sulaiman, S. H., Omer, R. A., Barzani, K. I. S., Jawhar, Z. H., & Barzani, H. A. H. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70578
Ketogenesis as a Metabolic Checkpoint in MASLD: Implications for Disease Progression and Therapy
Babu, A. F. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16090659
Yao, Y., Gu, Z., Hu, J., Zhu, W., & Lin, Q. (2026) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2026.108466
Revisiting the need for innovative oral hydration technologies
Vine, G., Persaud, S., Swiniarski, A., Rosaasen-Uwiera, E., & Proctor, S. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1851906
Metadata
- Authors
- Grabacka, M., Pierzchalska, M., Dean, M., & Reiss, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Agriculture in Krakow (PL)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Corresponding author
- Grabacka, Maja
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-12-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2093
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5187893
- OpenAlex
- W2562858475
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 209
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health, USA (P20-GM103501)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- ketone body metabolism, ketogenesis, ketolysis, PPARα, fasting, AMPK, PGC-1α, mTOR, FGF21, cancer metabolism, neuropathology, nuclear receptors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Ketone Bodies, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Neuroprotective Agents, PPAR alpha
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