Antioxidant Defence, Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage in Saliva, Plasma and Erythrocytes of Dementia Patients. Can Salivary AGE be a Marker of Dementia?
Open accessAbstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in dementia pathogenesis; however, its impact on salivary secretion and salivary qualities is still unknown. This study included 80 patients with moderate dementia and 80 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Salivary flow, antioxidants (salivary peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, uric acid and total antioxidant capacity), and oxidative damage products (advanced oxidation protein products, advanced glycation end products (AGE), 8-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and total oxidant status) were estimated in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva, as well as in plasma and erythrocytes. We show that in dementia patients the concentration/activity of major salivary antioxidants changes, and the level of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids is increased compared to healthy controls. Non-stimulated and stimulated salivary secretions were significantly reduced in dementia patients. The deterioration in mini mental state examination (MMSE) score correlated with salivary AGE levels, which when considered with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, suggests their potential role in the non-invasive diagnosis of dementia. In conclusion, dementia is associated with disturbed salivary redox homeostasis and impaired secretory function of the salivary glands. Salivary AGE may be useful in the diagnosis of dementia.
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Oxidative damage products are detected in body fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva.
“They are detected in body fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, and saliva [25,26,27].”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Salivary levels of AGE correlate with deterioration in MMSE score and have been suggested as potentially useful in diagnosis of dementia.
“Salivary levels of AGE have been described to correlate with the deterioration in mini mental state examination (MMSE) score and have been suggested as potentially useful in the diagnosis of dementia [26].”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
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Buccellato, F. R., D’Anca, M., Fenoglio, C., Scarpini, E., & Galimberti, D. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10091353 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
- Authors
- Choromańska, M., Klimiuk, A., Kostecka-Sochoń, P., Wilczyńska, K., Kwiatkowski, M., Okuniewska, N., Waszkiewicz, N., Zalewska, A., & Maciejczyk, M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Białystok (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Maciejczyk, Mateusz
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-10-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2205
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5666885
- OpenAlex
- W2766127972
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical University of Bialystok (N/ST/ZB/17/003/1109, N/ST/ZB/17/004/1109, N/ST/MN/17/001/1118)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Keywords
- dementia, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, salivary biomarkers, salivary flow, salivary peroxidase, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity, advanced oxidation protein products, 8-isoprostane, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total oxidant status, oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, unstimulated saliva, stimulated saliva, erythrocytes, plasma, redox homeostasis, salivary secretion, dementia diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antioxidants, Dementia, Erythrocytes, Female, Humans, Male, Saliva, Biomarkers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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