Cited by 817Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismSphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling

An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases

Open access
Law, Shi-Hui, Chan, Mei-Lin, Marathe, Gopal K., Parveen, Farzana, Chen, Chu-Huang, Ke, Liang-Yin·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA2 increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A1 activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ijms20051149

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  • LPC and LPA are lipid classes known to promote brain inflammation and demyelination.

    “two lipid classes known to promote brain inflammation and demyelination (Extended Data Fig. 6; Supplementary Table S11)26.”

    From APOE4 impairs myelination via cholesterol dysregulation in oligodendrocytes (2022) · cites this paper as [26]

    Section 1.3 reports that LPC induces demyelination in the central nervous system and inflammation in the brain microvasculature. Section 5.2 discusses LPA in inflammatory disorders and the central nervous system, but does not say that LPA promotes brain inflammation or demyelination. The claim is therefore supported for LPC, not for both lipid classes. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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1 retracted

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [1]Ridgway N. McLeod R. Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes 6th ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2016

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Authors
Law, S.-H., Chan, M.-L., Marathe, G. K., Parveen, F., Chen, C.-H., & Ke, L.-Y.
Affiliations
  • Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
  • Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital (TW)
  • University of Mysore (IN)
Corresponding author
Ke, Liang-Yin
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-03-06
Volume
20
Issue
5
Pages
1149
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2919002166
Cited by
817
References
242
Citations by year
2026: 125 · 2025: 140 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
7.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Texas Heart Institute (765-64050)
  • Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU-TP105D14, KMU-DK107012)
  • Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (105-2320-B-037-004-MY3, 106-2314-B-037-069-, 107-2321-B-037-002-)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
Keywords
lysophosphatidylcholine, phospholipase A2, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase, Lands cycle, phosphatidylcholine turnover, oxidized LDL, modified LDL, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, autotaxin, lysophosphatidic acid, lipidomics, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer
MeSH terms
Lysophospholipase D, Homeostasis, Humans, Hydrolysis, Lipoproteins, LDL, 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Metabolic Diseases, Phosphatidylcholines, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases, Phospholipases A2

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