Cited by 17Fatty Acid Research and HealthLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences

Open access
Morris, Gerwyn, Berk, Michael, Walder, Ken, O’Neil, Adrienne, Maes, Michael, Puri, Basant K.·2021·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Abstract

Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A 2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A 2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017

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558 of 558 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Morris, G., Berk, M., Walder, K., O’Neil, A., Maes, M., & Puri, B. K.
Affiliations
Barwon Health (AU)
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-09
Volume
128
Pages
35-57
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3170312532
Cited by
17
References
563
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
FWCI
0.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Health and Medical Research Council (1059660)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
lipid paradox, neurodegenerative diseases, platelet activation, apolipoprotein A-I, hyperhomocysteinemia, endotoxemia, lipid metabolism, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Humans, Inflammation, Lipids, Lipoproteins, LDL, Peroxidase, Neutrophils, Cytokines, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Atherosclerosis, Phospholipases A2

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