Down-Regulation of miR-23a-3p Mediates Irradiation-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis
Open accessAbstract
Radiation-induced central nervous system toxicity is a significant risk factor for patients receiving cancer radiotherapy. Surprisingly, the mechanisms responsible for the DNA damage-triggered neuronal cell death following irradiation have yet to be deciphered. Using primary cortical neuronal cultures in vitro, we demonstrated that X-ray exposure induces the mitochondrial pathway of intrinsic apoptosis and that miR-23a-3p plays a significant role in the regulation of this process. Primary cortical neurons exposed to irradiation show the activation of DNA-damage response pathways, including the sequential phosphorylation of ATM kinase, histone H2AX, and p53. This is followed by the p53-dependent up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family molecules, including the BH3-only molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bim, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c, which activates caspase-dependent apoptosis. miR-23a-3p, a negative regulator of specific pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules, is rapidly decreased after neuronal irradiation. By increasing the degradation of PUMA and Noxa mRNAs in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the administration of the miR-23a-3p mimic inhibits the irradiation-induced up-regulation of Noxa and Puma. These changes result in an attenuation of apoptotic processes such as MOMP, the release of cytochrome c and caspases activation, and a reduction in neuronal cell death. The neuroprotective effects of miR-23a-3p administration may not only involve the direct inhibition of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 molecules downstream of p53 but also include the attenuation of secondary DNA damage upstream of p53. Importantly, we demonstrated that brain irradiation in vivo results in the down-regulation of miR-23a-3p and the elevation of pro-apoptotic Bcl2-family molecules PUMA, Noxa, and Bax, not only broadly in the cortex and hippocampus, except for Bax, which was up-regulated only in the hippocampus but also selectively in isolated neuronal populations from the irradiated brain. Overall, our data suggest that miR-23a-3p down-regulation contributes to irradiation-induced intrinsic pathways of neuronal apoptosis. These regulated pathways of neurodegeneration may be the target of effective neuroprotective strategies using miR-23a-3p mimics to block their development and increase neuronal survival after irradiation.
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miR-23a-3p was found downregulated in mice cortex, hippocampus, and neurons after brain radiation, while the expression of Bcl family members was upregulated, causing secondary DNA damage.
“The miR-23a-3p was found downregulated in mice cortex, hippocampus, and neurons after brain radiation, while the expression of Bcl family members was upregulated, causing secondary DNA damage.”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [139]
Results §2.1 reports miR-23a-3p down-regulation in irradiated mouse cortex, hippocampus, and isolated neurons, alongside increased expression of selected pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The claim’s causal ending is not supported: the Discussion describes irradiation-induced DNA damage as preceding activation of p53 and up-regulation of those molecules, which then promote apoptosis—not as damage caused by their up-regulation. Bax was also not up-regulated in the cortex. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIntervention with overexpression of miR-23a-3p can protect nerves and attenuate the apoptotic process and neuronal cell death.
“intervention with overexpression of miR-23a-3p can protect nerves and attenuate the apoptotic process and neuronal cell death [139].”
From Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development (2025) · cites this paper as [139]
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- Authors
- Sabirzhanov, B., Makarevich, O., Barrett, J., Jackson, I. L., Faden, A. I., & Stoica, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sabirzhanov, Boris
- Stoica, Bogdan A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-24
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3695
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7279507
- OpenAlex
- W3028447208
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS091191, R01 NS096002)
- United States (U.S.) Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (# 1I01 RX001993)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- miR-23a-3p, X-ray irradiation, central nervous system toxicity, mitochondrial apoptosis, p53, Bcl-2 family proteins, PUMA, Noxa, Bax, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, DNA damage response, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11, Animals, DNA, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Male, Neurons, Radiation, Ionizing, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, MicroRNAs, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, Rats, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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