Bok is a genuine multi-BH-domain protein that triggers apoptosis in the absence of Bax and Bak
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The pro-apoptotic multidomain Bcl-2 proteins Bax and Bak (also known as BAK1) are considered the gatekeepers of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by triggering the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. The role of the third Bax- and Bak-homologous multidomain protein Bok, however, is still unresolved. As cells doubly deficient for Bax and Bak are largely resistant to various apoptotic stimuli, it has been proposed that Bok is either dispensable for apoptosis or that its role is dependent on Bax and Bak. Here, we demonstrate, in several cell systems, that Bok efficiently induces cytochrome c release and apoptosis even in the complete absence of both Bak and Bax. Moreover, modulation of endogenous Bok levels affects the apoptosis response. By RNA interference and targeted deletion of the Bok gene, we demonstrate that Bok can significantly influence the apoptotic response to chemotherapeutic drugs in ovarian carcinoma cells. Hence, our results not only establish Bok as a Bak- and Bax-independent apoptosis inducer, but also suggest a potential impact of Bok expression in ovarian cancer therapy.
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BOK has been shown to induce MOMP in the absence of BAX and BAK and independently of other BCL2 family members.
“Moreover, BOK has recently been shown to induce MOMP in the absence of BAX and BAK and independently of other BCL2 family members [47, 151, 152].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [152]
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Bonzerato, C. G., Keller, K. R., Schulman, J. J., Gao, X., Szczesniak, L. M., & Wojcikiewicz, R. J. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1094302 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
There is something about BOK we just don't get yet
Haschka, M. D., & Villunger, A. (2017) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14031 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Extracellular signals induce dynamic ER remodeling through αTAT1-dependent microtubule acetylation
Ortiz, H. R., Flores, P. C., Podgorski, J., Ramonett, A., Ahmed, T., Hempel, N., Charest, P. G., Ellis, N. A., Langlais, P. R., Montfort, W. R., et al. (2024) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2024.101003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Metastability, an emerging concept governing BOK-mediated apoptosis initiation
Moldoveanu, T., & Zheng, J. H. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.25801 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chu, J., Shi, Z., Jiao, Y., Han, Z., Dou, Q., Ye, J., & Cui, X. (2018) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/cad.0000000000000666 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Loss of BOK Has a Minor Impact on Acetaminophen Overdose-Induced Liver Damage in Mice
Naim, S., Fernández‐Marrero, Y., de Brot, S., Bachmann, D., & Kaufmann, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22063281 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Therapeutics targeting BCL2 family proteins
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Butia capitata (sour coconut) prevents the appearance of Aberrant Crypt Foci in the colon of rats
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B-cell lymphoma 2 family members and sarcomas: a promising target in a heterogeneous disease
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- Authors
- Einsele-Scholz, S., Malmsheimer, S., Bertram, K., Stehle, D., Johänning, J., Manz, M., Daniel, P. T., Gillissen, B. F., Schulze-Osthoff, K., & Essmann, F.
- Affiliations
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University 1 , Tübingen 72076 , Germany
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Essmann, Frank
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2016-06-01
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2213-2223
- ISSN
- 0021-9533 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9137
- OpenAlex
- W2419365016
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cell Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB685, GRK1302)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe (109894)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- BOK, Bax, Bak, Bcl-2 family proteins, mitochondrial apoptosis, cytochrome c release, ovarian carcinoma, chemotherapy response, apoptosis resistance
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Mitochondria, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Cytochromes c, HCT116 Cells, Green Fluorescent Proteins, bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein, bcl-2-Associated X Protein, Cytostatic Agents, Gene Knockdown Techniques, MCF-7 Cells
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