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Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers

Olejarz, Wioletta, Kubiak-Tomaszewska, Grażyna, Chrzanowska, Alicja, Lorenc, Tomasz·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.

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Metadata

Authors
Olejarz, W., Kubiak-Tomaszewska, G., Chrzanowska, A., & Lorenc, T.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-08-14
Volume
21
Issue
16
Pages
5840
ISSN
1422-0067
Cited by
299
References
17
Language
en

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