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Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
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“Olejarz et al. showed that combining exosomes loaded with anti-angiogenic chemotherapeutics and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can substantially reduce treatment resistance [87].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [87]
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Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges
Li, J., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02215-4 · Cited by 297
Metadata
- Authors
- Olejarz, W., Kubiak-Tomaszewska, G., Chrzanowska, A., & Lorenc, T.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-08-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5840
- ISSN
- 1422-0067
- PMC
- PMC7461570
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 17
- Language
- en
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